Kansas City Prevention

This study tested the impact of increased foot patrol on crime in Newark between February 1978 and January 1979. The program included several requirements stipulated by its use of Safe and Clean Neighborhoods Program funds. Foot patrol officers were required to remain in uniform and on foot, except when traveling to and from their posts, or when assisting a motor patrol officer in an emergency or arrest situation. All officers were required to be visible on

Since the 70’s police departments like Spokane Washington, I believe have proved that police visibility or presence in the community along with transparency working hand in hand with the community, have had a positive effect on preventing crime and providing communities with a sense of security (The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment. (n.d.).

Community Policing took a different perspective on crime than August Vollmer. It shows that even though police officers are trained and respond to crimes on time, it doesn’t effect the crime rates. In the past foot-patrol was in place but it quickly failed due to poor management and not enough funds for the program (Bohm & Haley, 2014, Pg. 147). Community Policing was an idea to form a bond between the police and the citizens. If the police paid more attention to the minor problems in

The Kansas City Preventative Patrol Experiment was conducted in October 1972 by the Kansas City Police to test the effects of marked police patrol units on the incidence of crime to deter crime and ended in 1973. The experiment lasted over a year and was evaluated by the Police Foundation, established by the Ford Foundation, which also provided funding and technical assistance for the education of police. The Kansas City Preventative Patrol Experiment in policing ranked among the few major social experiments ever to be completed and still used today in American policing. (Kelling, G. L., Pate, T., Dieckman, D., & Brown, C. E., 1974)

“Broken Windows” by Wilson and Kelling is a seminal work in the study of Criminal Justice. Starting off, the effectiveness and outcomes of implementing foot patrols was discussed. Foot patrols were found to not decrease crime, but did increase citizen’s favorable opinions on the police and perceived level of safety.

Community crime prevention programs incorporate practices that target changes in a community’s culture, physical environment, or infrastructure to reduce crime such as gang involvement and violence (Citation Needed). This paper will examine the following three different strategies used in crime prevention programs: focused deterrence strategy, problem-solving policing, and situational crime prevention. Deterrence strategy or theory states that crimes can be prevented when the costs of committing the crime are perceived by the offender to outweigh the benefits of committing the crime (Braga et al., 2001). Programs that use the theory of situational crime prevention believe that crime can be reduced by identifying and then eliminating the forces that facilitate would-be offenders’ criminal acts (Clarke, 1992). Problem-oriented policing is an analytic method used by police to develop strategies that prevent and reduce crime. Under this method, a law enforcement agency will systematically analyze the problems of a community, search for effective solutions to the problems, and evaluate the impact of their efforts (Weisburd et al., 2004).

Police Foundation stated that because the majority of a police officer's time is typically spent on non-crime related matters, the amount of time spent on crime is any less important (Police Foundation, 2017). In my opinion, there are no strategies to deter crime because criminals are going to commit a crime regardless. In doing so, there should have been a better plan and strategies of where to put each police office to cover the area that seems to have a high crime rate and the area with the less crime rate would have a patrol officer to monitor that area for appearance for the security of the neighborhood.However, I commend the effort of trying to find a solution to deter crime in the city, even though it was stated that the experiment of Kansas city crime does not compare to other city but it has some similar crime with Detroit and San Francisco. The experiment can be used if the data was accurate to brainstorm by building off the Kansas City Preventative Patrol Experiment to another option to execute to deter crime in another

Reactive patrols and proactive patrols are mainstays of American police agencies. Reactive patrols provide the required rapid law enforcement response to citizen requests for assistance and other emergencies. Meanwhile, proactive patrols provide the necessary planning and allocation of police resources to effectively respond to specific, ongoing problems such as "white collar crime" and the "victimless crimes" of drug transactions behind closed doors. Careful examinations of each patrol type and the effects of using exclusively reactive patrols or exclusively proactive patrols show that a balanced approach using both types of patrols gives the best law enforcement response to the needs of the community.

The key idea of this study is that police can actually control crime. They find that “Broken Windows” policing (misdemeanor arrests) is substantially and consistently linked to the reduction of violent crime in precincts, while in general the other explanatory variables are not associated with this outcome. They conclude that, on average, every 28 misdemeanor arrests led to one

The Kansas City Preventive Patrol - the center point is on the operational behavior of the patrol force during the experiment and not on before-and-after crime statistic. Models are employed to estimate the amount of preventive patrols and response times in each of the experimental areas. These models, together with experimental data, demonstrate that: typical patrol intensities in Kansas City are not large enough to encompass the range of patrol intensities experienced in other cities, and patrol visibility in the empty areas due to answered calls for service is quite more, perhaps even equaling the pre-experimental levels during high workload periods. Some models also demonstrate that travel distances into the reactive beats should not be markedly increased, as the researchers had expected(Lawson, 1975).

What I hope to learn from this research is to have a better understanding of how proactive policing impacts communities and what role it has on crime. While initially researching community policing and its effects on violent crime, I found out it is specifically a type of proactive policing. The subject of community policing and its effect on violent crime was too specific a subject to research. The recent police misconduct cases with local communities led me to question how effective proactive policing is and what benefits its practice had on crime. I found there has been very little research done on this subject and the research done is from decades old data collected from larger cities where the majority of violent crime is committed.

Foot Patrols of Newark, NJ found that foot patrols to reduce fear of crime ( Pate, 1986) but do not reduce geral incidences of crime (kelling, 1981), and also improve perception of the police. The causal mechanism that was hypothesized to reduce crime was the footpatrol. The footpatrol was meant to show presence and deter would be offenders. The actual policing the foot patrols did varied from community oriented to proactive policing.

As noted in Sherman and Weisburd’s article, the majority of neighborhoods in cities have few serious crimes annually (Sherman & Weisburd, 1995). Preliminary research suggests that the use of hot spot policing of crime can prevent crime without displacing disorder and/or the criminal element to other parts of the community (Braga, 2001). Although there is a call for more research in reference to policy implications and community reaction, research has found that proactive police activity that is focused on police interventions, strategic arrests, and interventions has had a drastic impact on crime prevention (Sherman, 1997). The success of this style of patrol is highlighted in the quasi-experimental evaluations by Anthony Braga, in which he demonstrates a significant decline in crime in seven out of nine studies (Braga, 2001). Organizationally, neighborhoods would be (as in both random and directed patrol) split up in beats/sectors so as to maintain accountability and organization. These beats would then be assigned to patrol units where a set amount of units would respond to calls for service, while others would conduct hot spot patrols while occasionally conducting random patrol to maintain citizen ideals of public safety and law enforcement accountability.

Problem oriented policing, hot spot policing, and directed patrols are three popular systems in which law enforcement have adopted over the past years to develop a more productive style of policing practices. Researchers have spent money and valuable time looking at these practices to see if they are effective. Hot spot policing, directed patrols, and problem oriented policing are effective methods in reducing all forms of crime. There are important factors to look at in this research to determine whether the running hypothesis is correct and these policing styles are reducing major types of crime. In addition to examined research two tables from two different studies will be examined to help support the notion that these policing styles are effective in reducing crime. In a small survey taken recently of how effective people think directed patrol, hot spot policing, and problem oriented policing is, 12% of respondents disagreed, while 88% of those that responded agreed that these policing styles were effective.

Patrols are meant to eliminate criminal opportunities by creating an impression of presence in the community. However, patrols do not decrease an individual’s desire to break the law but by diminishing the opportunities to commit crime, they promote a sense of safety to residents. As the assistant chief in the Centervale Police Department, CPD, one would develop a strategy that caters for both sides of the railroad tracks with fairness although with an emphasis on the crime prone north.