In what way does globalisation affect infectious disease patterns? Discuss in relation to at least two diseases. Introduction Globalisation is a complex and multifaceted set of processes having diverse and widespread impacts on human societies worldwide. Despite widespread interest in its emergence and impact there is only a limited consensus in the literature on what precisely globalisation actually is (Saker et al. 2004). Reviews of existing literature has identified some of the key defining features of globalisation. Globalisation can be defined as a set of processes that are: “changing the nature of human interaction across a wide range of spheres including the economic, political, social and technological environment. The process of change …show more content…
Tuberculosis (TB) has been associated throughout its history with urban population and migration. Overcrowding, stress of changing social context, poor and unhygienic living conditions all contribute to the spread of the disease and lowering of resistance (DiFerdinando, 1999). Evidence that HIV serves as a driver of TB at the population level has been noted by a number of epidemiological studies (Kwan and Ernst, 2011). Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the TB causative agent has undergone changes in its relationship with genetic and environmental factors over the past 50 years in urban centres around the world. In the United states, numbers of observed TB cases had been declining from 1980 to 1985 but increased by 20% from 1985 to 1992, with an estimated 51,700 cases of TB attributed to the growing HIV epidemic (Kwan and Ernst, 2011). Due to its steady decline prior to 1985, TB was being deinstitutionalised and individuals were being made responsible for the maintenance of their own treatment and this encouraged drug resistance to develop. In New York, new migrants came predominantly from countries where there was a very high incidence of TB infection. This led to an increase in the population of persons at risk for TB in the lower socioeconomic strata of the New York City (NYC) and New York State (NYS) which were also at risk of being exposed to HIV (DiFerdinando,
Globalisation refers to the process of interaction and integration among the people, companies as well as governments of countries around the world, particularly in terms of trade, investment and technology. The process of globalisation, has profound impacts on the environment, culture, political systems, economic developments, prosperity and human physical well-being in the societies around the world.
Globalisation- Globalisation is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in
Globalisation has a very long history of the social development of the world it started many years ago. It left a remarkable sign throughout the time which many people use this term of globalisation. It often
Pankaj Ghemawant- A notable author of the book “World 3.0”, has done a significant research to understand how globalised we are. According to his research-
Discuss the impact of one infectious disease on the health, economic development and lifestyle of the area where it occurs?
Globalization aided in impacting human health by population mobility. The source of epidemics throughout history can be traced back to human migration (Saker). The effects of these epidemics have changed whole societies. International efforts to prevent the spreading of infections from one country to another have been focused on. Early diseases that spread between Asia and Europe included the bubonic plague, influenzas of various types, and other similar contagious diseases. The world is more interdependent and connected than ever in the era of globalization. This is because inexpensive and efficient transportation allows access to almost everywhere and the increase of global trade of agricultural products brought an increasing number of people into contact with animal disease. Trade routes had long been established between Europe and Asia along which diseases were unintentionally transmitted. The management of malaria is a global role (Carter). Global institutions support the
The theory of globalization today is a field of intensive debate as the efforts towards defining globalization most often highlight its individual aspects. According to Held and McGrew (1999), “globalisation is an idea whose time has come, yet it lacks precise definition”. Despite the ambiguity of the term “globalisation,” the use of the term, according to Held and McGrew, reflects increased interconnectedness in political, economic and cultural matters across the world creating a shared social space. Given this inter-connectedness, globalisation may be defined as: “a process which embodies a transformation in the spatial organisation of social relations and
Globalisation can be defined as the movement toward economic, financial, trade, and communications integration by countries and their populations globally. It is a constant process and it has resulted in the intertwining and generalisation of the needs and wants of people
As Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the country’s highest obtainable communicable diseases, There are no specific determinants in acquiring TB. This means that an individual of any age, gender, race, or ethnicity can acquire TB. However, based on socioeconomic status, individuals have a higher risk through poverty, being elderly, being homeless, and also foreign-born people who have lots of contact with individuals with TB. Those with medical conditions that weaken the immune system are also more likely to develop the disease. Individuals between the ages of 19 and 60 are also more susceptible to being infected with TB. Gender or race discrimination does not impact the health problems associated with Tuberculosis, but
In this essay I will give a detailed explanation of what sociologists mean by the term ‘globalisation’ and how they have tried to explain it.
Information obtained by the Health Care Services of India indicates that the greatest burden of tuberculosis is amidst the poor, hence sharing multiple risk factors, such as indoor pollution, HIV, a low BMI due to food insecurity, alcohol consumptions and tobacco use (Oxlade & Murray, 2012).
Globalisation is defined as the integration between different countries and economies leading to the increased impact of international influences on all aspects of life and economic activity.
Globalisation can be described as the greater movement, which unites the people of the world by combining economic, technological, socio-cultural, and political
A definition of “Globalisation” would be that : “Globalisation typically refers to the process by which different economies and societies become more closely integrated3.”
|More access to food, services, healthcare etc. all over the world |Heavy environmental cost |