Adley – Week2 DQ Reply to Scott
Generally, American businesses do present difference numbers to different audiences based on personal/corporate benefit. More precisely, the vast majority of companies are using the same numbers with varied methods based given the dichotomy of tax and financial accounting. This book-tax gap exists primarily between the IRS and GAAP regulations requiring divergent methods. The major areas differing methods include depreciation whereby the IRS allows normal depreciation using the Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS) and under Section 179, whereas GAAP embraces several methods of depreciation. The bad debt allowance method is prohibited by the IRS, requiring instead the direct-write off method (Logan, 2011). Elsewhere, the disparity exists with the IRS-preferred Cash versus Accrual-based of revenue recognition, and within inventory costing methods. While specific identification, most favored, and FIFO are acceptable, the IRS imposes additional conditions and permission to switch to LIFO (Bank, n.d.).
Maintaining two sets of books is both legal and commonplace, and while perhaps ethical, it is problematic. Despite an adherence to a “rule and law ethics,”
…show more content…
(n.d.). Can two different inventory methods be used at the same time? AZCentral: Demand Media. Retrieved from http://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/can-two-different-inventory-methods-used-same-time-24491.html
Logan, D. (2011, June 27). Three differences between tax and book accounting that legislators need to know. Tax Foundation. Retrieved from http://taxfoundation.org/article/three-differences-between-tax-and-book-accounting-legislators-need-know
Long, D. (2008). Doing the right thing: a real estate practitioner’s guide to ethical decision making (4th ed.). Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.
Rich, J., Jones, J., Heitger, D., Mowen, M., & Hansen, H. (2012). Cornerstones of Financial & Managerial Accounting. Mason, OH: South-Western/Cengage
Page 3 Page 7 Page 12 Page 17 Page 20 Positive Accounting Theory Ethics in Accounting Accounting for Physical Assets & Intangible Assets Accounting for Assets in Mining & Agricultural Industries ounting Accounting for Provisions
Kimmel, P. D., Weygandt, J. J., & Kieso, D. E. (2009). Accounting: Tools for business decision
By Thomas Ahrens (London School of Economics), and Christopher Chapman (University of Oxford), from The Contemporary Accounting Research Vol. 21 No. 2 (Summer 2004) pp. 271–301.
Edmonds, T., Tsay, B., & Olds, P. (2011). Fundamental Managerial Accounting Concepts (6th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Financial reporting practices and ethics have manifested an ocean of literature. This has mainly come from organization theorists that address accounting practices. These theorists and professionals have given fresh accountability measures. Their ideals give this industry the tools needed to survive, grow and prosper. The way an organization prepares and reports its financial information and handles its daily operations is in essence financial practices, and in the way it accomplishes this reveals their ethical standards to which they adhere to. This paper will discuss the financial practices, ethical standards, and
Hilton, R. (2011). Managerial accounting: Creating value in a dynamic business environment (9th Ed.). McGraw-Hill. Hardcover ISBN: 9780073526928.
Brewer, C. P., Garrison, H., R., & Noreen, W., E., (2005). Introduction to Managerial Accounting, 2nd Edition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
As I have mentioned in DQ1, education and assistance in application of what has been taught could help prevent or lessen the incidences of neglect. Sometimes, the caregiver may be neglectful toward the child because of previous experiences, unaware of any other way to interact with others, which is why interventions can help not only the immediate family, but, society as a whole. Maybe we can link up parenting skills mini workshops, consultations or the like for a caregiver with incentives to motivate them to actively participate in these outreach efforts. The caregiver will need to buy into the program; otherwise, no amount of education or interventions will have lasting results because of the lack of participation.
DQ 1 – Disease Management Organizations are discussed briefly in the reading. Do some research for additional information on a website and/or an article regarding Disease Management and share a summary of your findings?
As the business environment grows and companies find new ways to expand into their respective - or even new – markets, it is important that reporting standards stay up to date with changes and continue to assist companies in providing their users with useful accounting information. Information is labelled as being useful when it meets the
Book-tax conformity refers to a one-book system in which financial accounting income and taxable income are highly conformed. In the past decade, book-tax conformity has been a fiercely debated issue worldwide. The main issue with book-tax conformity is whether tightening the link between financial and taxable income reduces earnings management and tax avoidance activities by pressuring to increase reportable profits for the market on one side and minimize taxation balancing on the other to create a good equilibrium in listed companies. Book conformity is an institutional feature used in many European countries such as Sweden. Substantial movement in Sweden has been made in order to stay away from a one-book
This study aims to understand what effect has an ethical framework in accounting. In particular, we examine the influence of ethics on earnings management, financial reporting, and external accounting. Today, the commercial environment reveals the unethical behavior of management and accountants through the manipulation of accounting records to boost the company’s stock price, falsified financial statements to mislead investors, failure of auditors to correct errors and omissions due to client’s pressure and personal material interests.
Imagine trusting your hard-earned money like your retirement savings to a financial adviser or Certified Public Accountants (CPA) only to lose it all in a fraudulent Ponzi scheme. In today’s world of business many organizations, financial planners and accountants are in the news due to the financial ethical breaches that have affected their customers, employees, and the general public. A CPA has to be responsible for their audits and take any punishments as a result of their mistakes, incompetence or illegal actions. CPAs are expected to have integrity in their work,
Chadwick, L. (2002) Essential Finance and Accounting for Managers. Harlow, London, New York, Massachusetts, San Francisco, Toronto, Son Mills, Sydney et.al: PearsonEducation, p.280-281
The author thanks Professors Martha Howe, Donna McConville, Ari Yezegel, participants at the 2013 North American Case Research Association Annual Conference, the 2013 American Accounting Association Northeast Region Annual Meeting, and 2014 American Accounting Association Annual Meeting for their comments and suggestions on the earlier versions of the case. Comments and suggestions of the editor, associate editor, and two anonymous reviewers are also gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental material can be accessed by clicking the links in Appendix A.