Finger and Tweezers Dexterity
O’Connor Finger and Tweezers Dexterity Tests:
O’Connor Finger and Tweezers dexterity was developed by Jonson O’Connor of General Electric Company in 1920s. Research in the past has demonstrated in the existence of a number of manual dexterities. This test measures Finger Dexterity which involves the ability to-coordinate finger movements in performing fine manipulations. Finger dexterity tests generally require grasping, releasing or manipulation of small objects in which the finger tips is primarily used. In the tweezerss dexterity tests the individual holds a pair of tweezerss in his preferred hand and performs manipulation of small pins.
The instrument contains a wooden or a metal board consists of two halves.
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The tray containing sufficient pins are kept on the side of individuals preferred hand. The individual is instructed to pick up one pin at a time with the help of the finger and begin to fill the holes in the board beginning left top for the right handed person (top right for left handed). Individual is instructed not to pick up the pins that are fallen. The holes are filled row-wise. A trial practice of filling two rows is given before actual start-up. Time taken to fill the 100 holes is measured in seconds. The number of seconds lapsing between the first and the last pin is taken. The higher the score, the lesser the efficiency in …show more content…
Tester provides an inexpensive Means to access activity level and attention capacity. The subjects task is to hold the stylus in nine different holes of diminishing size without touching the sides or base plate. Tester is fitted with a Fault counter. An audible tone and visual red indicator responses and provide immediate feed-back of performance.
Finger tapping Test:
The tapping rate is a psychological test given to assess the integrity of the neuromuscular system and examine motor control. The finger tapping test has the advantage of being a relatively pure neurologically driven motor task because the inertial and intersegment interactions are so small that biomechanical influences on movement are reduced. Finger tapping involves three important features: time, spatial amplitude, and frequency. Studies have reported that the average number of taps per 10-second interval can be used to distinguish between patients with mild traumatic brain injury and healthy controls, is slower in people one month after sustaining a mild traumatic brain injury,]and in experienced boxers and soccer players who frequently "headed" the ball. The speed of finger tapping has also been found to be related to severity of initial traumatic brain injury, and can be used to help assess recovery from mild and moderate traumatic brain injuries
The dependent variables included outcomes from these hits and as well as signs and symptoms from repeated head trauma. In all articles and reviews, the clear confounding variable was the amount of times people were severely exposed to hits directly to the head. Repetitive hits to the head correlated directly with the outcomes of the patients, as well as symptoms. It was obvious to note that greater head injury led to greater and more severe consequences for patients.2,3,5 If possible, I plan to utilize an athlete who experienced repetitive head injuries over the course of several years in my report to investigate if I can find visible signs of CTE. If not, perhaps my greatest ally will be to interview a neurologist and get their input on the matter itself. For this study, a literature review will be conducted which will exam the best 10 articles relevant to the purpose of
Concussions are becoming more and more commonplace in today’s world. Some say it is because of the aggression of play, especially in hockey and football. Others will argue that “an increase in the recognition and reporting may be primarily responsible for the increase in incidence since 1997” (Minigh 42). With the increase in concussions in the sports world today, it is imperative that sports medicine physicians and athletic trainers have a standardized way to diagnose and treat traumatic brain injuries. Providers believe standardization is important because it will help teach upcoming physicians how to go about treating concussions generally, as well as giving patients an idea of what to expect from their treatment. This is where technology gets put in the game.
As a result, early identification is extremely beneficial to accurately examine damages to the brain because it leads to degenerative diseases. These diseases are hard to catch if symptoms are not shown in the athlete right away. The NFL has to adopt better protocol to diagnose concussions based on medical data instead of assessing by judgment (Futterman). A more scientific approach is being studied that can diagnose concussions faster and more accurately. By using a simple blood test after six hours of forceful impact, the test can display brain cells that have broken down succeeding the impact. By exercising such a test, it can rid the uncertainty of when it is safe to get an athlete back on the field without triggering further cognitive damages.
“For example, collision sports such as football and ice hockey characteristically have more acute traumatic injuries than sports such as swimming and track. Boxing has more head-related trauma because of the focus of the sport. Within each sport, a general injury pattern and specific types of injury are unique to the sport. One type of injury that can occur in any sport or physical activity is concussion”. (Cerebral Concussion: Causes, Effects, and Risks in Sports).
Depending on the sport and the age of the athlete, rules of the game have changed to protect the athlete from concussions, the development of concussion assessment tools, implementation and development of equipment to monitor the athlete on and the off the field. Heightened awareness of the short term and long-term effects of concussions and the dangers involved in returning an athlete to competition too soon. Athletic Trainers along with the sports medicine physicians are essential in educating athletes, coaches and parents about the signs and symptoms associated with concussions and provide pertinent guidelines and risks of playing while still concussed. Some schools have opted to provide and require all athletes to take a computer-based neurocognitive test or baseline concussion test before participating in their sport to set up a baseline and if a concussion does occur, they can compare the results and determine if the athlete is still concussed or symptomatic or is eligible to compete in their sport. The benefit of the test is the athlete can test multiple times in post concussion recovery until they are symptom free, or if there are delayed signs or concerns
the impact makes the brain suffer from high risk of a concussion. So many test
Did you know, that someone suffers from a brain injury every 21 seconds (Haas)? Children get concussions all the time, and most of the time they go unnoticed. The majority of concussions happen when one is playing a sport such as football, hockey, or lacrosse. Many famous athletes have had their careers, even their lives cut short due to concussions. Brain damage and death can result from serial concussions (Schafer). When one suffers from a concussion, one’s brain needs time to recover physically and mentally. Between 2002 and 2006, statistics showed that 52,000 people died from concussions and about 275,000 were hospitalized (Fundukian). Everyone’s recovery process is different (“Injury and
They are able to identity any suspected signs of concussions right away. (Broglio, 2008) Due to the numerous medical advancements, researchers have been able to understand what concussions are and the course of their recovery. This has dramatically improved the understanding of what a concussion is and how it affects the person. For example, the features of a concussion and the typical recovery. With all of the sports-related injuries, athletes have become the prime interest for researchers, specifically concussions. Sports-related concussions, or SRC, have researcher’s interest. They are looking for what acute injury factors and individual characteristics occur post concussive recovery. The researchers measured on the Glasgow Coma Scale, or GCS, it is very well known for its system with classifying TBI severity during an acute period. It was originally developed to assess a patient’s level of consciousness, using rating of eye, motor, and verbal responses. Researchers have found the following signs and symptoms of concussions. Observable features of altered mental status include: vacant stare, delayed verbal and motor responses, confusion or inability to focus attention, disorientation, slurred or incoherent speech, gross observable
The study is a longitudinal study which they will end in 5 years. The athletes will be tested the time after concussion. To begin with the study, the group of study will take each test to get a baseline. The trial will begin with a Symptom Assessment Scale (SAS) before going into the neurocognitive assessment for a concussion. During the self-reported symptomatic (SRS) timeline after injury, the athlete's will self-survey their symptoms each week. Then, the athlete will complete the neurocognitive assessment testing of MACE, SCAT-2, SCAT-3, and ImPACT. For starter, the test will be given to the athlete after 24 hours of symptoms free. Each athlete had to meet the following criteria of completed a baseline assessment on the particular test and SAS before the injury, diagnosed with a concussion and given a follow-up assessment conducted within 72 hours of the injury and denied any symptoms at the SRA assessment point. After 24 hours of the free sign. The testing will have a motor skill of mechanical movement and gross movement. The first test is a baseline to see if any changes occur when the athlete is retested in two-year
Concussions are not always easy to define because they can vary in so many ways and because it is rare for any two concussions to be the exact same. Because of the inconsistency and irregularity, athletes are often allowed back into play before it is known if they have a concussion or how severe it is. In “Causes and Consequences of Sports Concussion,” Edwards and Bodle state, “The Consensus Statement of the Third International Congress on Concussion in Sport…defined concussion as a ‘complex pathophysiologic process affecting the brain, induced by traumatic biochemical forces’” (128). They also share that definitions of concussion differ between professional organizations, but share common characteristics: “trauma affecting the head or body resulting in transient neurologic deficits or symptoms” (Edwards and Bodle
Psychology Professor at the Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Louis De Beaumont, Benoit Brisson, Maryse Lassonde and Pierre Jolicoeur wrote “Long-term electrophysiological changes in athletes with a history of concussions” to inform certain individuals about the long-term effects that are associated with one or multiple concussions. Although De Beaumont’s article is strictly addressed to people in the medical or psychology fields, Jonathan C. Edwards and Jeffery D. Bodle wrote “Causes and Consequences of Sport Concussions” to inform active and former players of contact sports, coaches, trainers, and physicians of the consequences and many different effects of concussions. “Long-term electrophysiological changes in athletes with a history
Today injuries in sports is a common topic. A sprained ankle, broken finger, bruised knee are all afflictions commonly known to the players and spectators; however, not all are informed about the severity of head trauma. In sports, there are concussive incidents: hits to the head causing the brain to violently shake damaging brain cells to the point where they can no longer be used. In the game of soccer this can occur when colliding with another player or direct contact to the head. Recovery for athletes with concussions is generally quick, but in some scenarios symptoms
Athletes are required to take a baseline testing on concussion assessment measures to allow them to have a “normal” level to refer back towards (Guskiewicz, 2004). These baseline tests will help identify abnormalities caused by injuries and post injury recovery. Baseline testing is starting to become required for almost all athletes because the brain is a very sensitive part of the body and needs to be monitored for the athlete’s safety. Examinations by methods of testing are done at the beginning of the season and they help to clinically assess functions such as memory, concentration and balance that can be affected by a concussion(Bradley, 2013). These are tests that are done by the athlete’s personal trainer, if the personal trainer
In addition to testing both males and females, three different age groups including 16-18 year olds, 21-23 year olds and 47-49 year olds will be have their reaction times assessed. Incorporating a range of individuals from teenagers to middle aged people will allow inferences to be made regarding the effect that age has on reaction time. Across the experiments, two other aspects will be varied including using dominant or non-dominant hands
The experiment consisted of 6 trials that contained words such as: sleep, bed, tired etc. The participants were asked to look at the rectangle on the screen before starting the trials. In the first trial, the participants were asked to press the “start trial” button because a fixation dot would appear in the middle of the screen. The participants were asked to stare at the computer until a sequence of words appeared, with each word was presented for one second. After a full sequence was presented, a set of buttons were shown, each labeled with a word. Some the words were on the list, and some were not. The participant’s task was to click or tap on the buttons to indicate which words were in the sequence. The sequence of words consisted of the actual words shown or related or unrelated words. For example, some trials consisted of all sleep related content to see if the participant would select items that were related or select items that were not in the sequence. After identifying the words that were shown in the sequence, they would receive feedback on the accuracy of their memory. After the participants were done