Chapter Five Stages Of Sleep Is Necessary For College Students

Title of Speech: The Importance of Sleep and the Effects It Can Have on Our Bodies

This article explains the importance of getting the perfect amount of sleep at night. The idea that sleeping for less than five hours or more than nine hours proves to have a negative effect on the human body. Sleep deprivation has a closely related link to memory retention and can cause a person to have trouble with daily task. The author continues to explain that not only is the brain effected by too little or too much sleep, but the rest of the body is also effected. Conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and even depression have links to not getting the perfect amount of sleep. The article concludes with listing tips to get the ideal amount of sleep at night, such as, going to sleep and waking up at the same time every day and limiting the amount of caffeine that is consumed throughout the day.

The average human spends about 25 years of their life sleeping. That is equal to one-third of a person’s life. So if sleep is vital and common among every single human, what do you know about it? What happens when we sleep (Attention Grabber)? Before the 1950s, scientists believed that the brain would just “shut off” when we would go to sleep. It wasn’t until the discovery of the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) state that scientists really looked into what happens in the brain while we are asleep. Studies have found that we go through a cycle of stages during sleep, and it is important for our health (Orientation to Topic). Today, I am going to inform you about what really happens when we sleep, and some issues that are found among it (Specific Purpose). In order to really understand this worldwide commonality, you need to know some background on sleep, the stages in the cycle, and some common disorders (Central Idea). I have taken a year long psychology course that went into depth on sleep psychology, and I have done extensive research on the topic to better grasp it (Statement of Credibility). I want to inform you on sleep so you can understand what happens when you close your eyes every night, and so you can detect any irregularities in your sleep pattern (Statement of Goodwill). First, I will give a background of why and how we know to sleep, then I will explain the stages in the sleep cycle, and finally I will tell you about some common disorders (Preview).

Sufficient sleep is a biological necessity for the normal functioning of humans, it allows the body to rest and to replenish itself so that it is able to serve its function of living. In addition, mental and physical health depend on the amount of sleep we get. Most adults and students value work and college much more than sleep, this is due to the academic, career, and materialistic demands. Researchers have noted a positive correlation between lack of sleep and decreased physical health, mental health, and academic performance. Sleep consists of two cycles: non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM), which are sleep patterns that alternate throughout the night. Firstly, sleep begins with non-REM sleep lasting about 90 minutes followed by REM sleep lasting 10-30 minutes, then the cycle repeats itself. REM sleep is the most important phase of sleep because the body is internally awake, with waking-like brain activity, yet asleep and externally calm. Thus, an uninterrupted REM phase of sleep is necessary for integrating previously learned material, and giving the individual a feeling of being well rested and refreshed. Many individuals will put sleep off so that more work hours, and school work can be fit into the day in order to get a better outcome such as job promotions or better academic grades, but I believe that sleep deprived people show a low performance in daily tasks due to suffering from mental, and physical health disorders.

Sleep is one of the unavoidable daily-living activities and it is one of the most important factors contributing to a person’s health. A quality sleep is essential for the physical, cognitive and psychological well-being of a person. Learning, memory processing and maintenance of the brain are among the most important functions of sleep. In addition to maintaining the brain, sleep has important roles in controlling the

Research indicates that America’s sleep problems have increased and might be the number one health problem. The average amount of sleep that people get per night can range anywhere from three to twelve hours. According to Dr. David Dinges at the University of Pennsylvania, it is a fact that people who get fewer than six hours of sleep a night do not live as long as people who get seven hours or more. Most people do not realize the importance of sleep or even realize that it is needed to survive. Many people experience sleep deprivation; however it is commonly seen in college students. Irregular sleeping patterns tend to occur in students, which can later lead to long-term effects.

As work hours become longer and people’s lives become more packed, the number of hours of sleep that people are privileged to, also shortens. This leads many to question the importance and meaning of sleep. Grivas, Down, and Carter (1999) defines sleep as a “regularly occurring altered state of consciousness that occurs spontaneously and is characterized by a loss of conscious awareness.” There are four to five sleep cycles per night which consists of a period of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM). Non-rapid eye movement is when the body recovers, the neurotransmitters are replenished, and the body tissues are repaired. Rapid eye movement sleep is necessary for the restoration of mental functions. This is known as the repair and restoration theory of sleep. Recent research also points to a variety of other different theories, most notably, the evolutionary theory. The evolutionary or adaptive theory suggests that sleep has evolved to protect animals from danger. In this review, the strengths and limitations of the two theories of sleep will be analysed and evaluated.

Sleep is one of the few necessities that are needed for humans to function and overall survive. People, generally adults, fail to realize the need for sleep when they are constantly working around the clock. This sort of deficiency leads to a common sleep disorder called sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation can affect teens and working adults but is seen predominately among college students. College students are succumbed to dedicating long hours to school, which makes their sleeping schedule awry. The article “Sleep Quality and Academic Performance in University Student...”goes into depth about the consequences of sleep deprivation. The article explains the consequences through a hypothesis, the process and the results.

          As some people may know, sleep is arguably the most important activity to a person’s health and well-being. Sleep is usually done alone unless someone considers alongside their spouse as a group but that’s a different story to discuss. Sleep is an activity that everyone should do on a day-to-day basis due to the amount of energy it provides which is why sleep is a major part of daily happiness. Sleep is what the body needs after a long day at work, class or just after a long productive day to replenish someone’s energy that was lost during those sorts of activities. Without sleep the body starts to drift out in certain situations and tends to put out poor potential due to lack of energy.

Sleep plays a major role in people 's lives. Evidence has shown that enough sleep promotes good health and well-being (Ojikutu, R. 2010). It plays a key role in maintaining a healthy brain function,in helping to establish emotional well-being, and in improving overall health since it repairs the heart and blood vessels (Ojikutu, R., 2010). According to the restorative theory, sleep is very necessary to "the physical health and serves to replenish chemicals and repair cellular damage (Ciccarelli, 2012, p. 103). This theory means that the body is trying to achieve a stable psychological state and suggests that sleep will recover and restore the body into full working capacity (Ciccarelli, 2012, p. 103). According to Ojikutu (2010; 2), "sleep is essential to the body and its functions, promoting bodily rest and rejuvenation in the neurons and other cells that are replaced or repaired during times of sleep". Considering the benefits of sleep, scientists recommend a full 9 to 10 hours of sleep for college students (Ojikutu, R., 2010).

The one human need that all organisms require is sleep. The body will eventually shut down to get rest because it requires sleep to function properly. Adequate sleep is what keeps our learning and memory on point. Sleep-deprived people can’t focus their attention to its full potential, because there is a lack in a basic human need. Studies done on both animals and humans suggest that the quantity and quality of sleep have a profound impact on learning and memory. According to the article, “In the study, findings suggest that sleep disturbances can be detected using both subjective and objective measures and that, for these individuals, fluctuations in sleep duration may have real consequences for daytime anxiety” (Mullin et al., 2017). When sleep lacks the other areas fall short. Good

Sleep has always been a behavior that integrates itself into everyday life. In fact, we spend about one third of our life sleeping. Often times people take sleep for granted, but it is essential in order to feel refreshed. While we are sleeping, the hypothalamus regulates body functions. (Swann, 2013). Seven to nine hours of sleep is necessary for the brain to restore. Sleep is an important factor because it affects one’s health. The amount of sleep a person gets at night can affect their academic performance, number of accidents, amount of injuries, and an increase in the chance of obesity. (Noland et al, 2009). Numerous attributes that interrupt one’s sleep are sleeping disorders, the amount of stress in one’s life, alcohol consumption, caffeine intake, homework load, school hours, jobs, and management skills. (Noland et al, 2009).

Sleep is not as simple as it may seem. Many things happen during sleep cycles that are crucial to the harmonious functions of the human body. In Robinson’s (2014) article about the two types of sleep, REM (rapid eye movement) and Non-REM sleep are

Science has shown that sleep is not only a treat, it is a necessity. Sleep plays a crucial role in the development and restoration of the human brain. Modern developments, such as the clock and the system of wage labor, have threatened this crucial human resource.

In more recent studies, it has been hypothesized that sleep has a profound effect on learning (Roth, 2008). Information learned in the day is processed and consolidated during sleep at night. It was also discovered that sleep is required for memory construction the following day (Roth, 2008). For these reasons, sleep in a very important for college students. This group of individuals’ main job is to learn new information. Even though sleep is very important for college students, this group of individuals has one of the highest rates of sleep deprivation compared to any other age group (Lund, Reider, Whiting, & Prichard, 2010). Many students have trouble getting an adequate amount of sleep due to their course load, extracurricular activities, work, and social activities (Engle-Friedman & Riela, 2004). Some of these busy students then stay up the night before an assignment is due to