Introduction
Amad, Ramoz, Thomas, Jardri and Gorwood questioned if borderline personality disorder runs in families through genetics. Although not stated borderline personality disorder was first diagnosed as an illness in 1980. Borderline personality disorder is a common mental disability that causes someone to experience unstable moods and occasionally have psychotic episodes. Gene-environment interaction which is when 2 different genotypes respond to different environmental variation in different ways. Plasticity genes which is the ability of an organism to change its phenotype in response to changes in the environment. A phenotype is a set of observable characters of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism. Polymorphism is another term used which is the presences of genetic variation within a population, upon which natural selection can operate. Many studies performed on this subject which were often cited and compared with Amad’s et al. study.
Method
Amad et al. used quantitative research by analyzing data to figure percentages and likely hood of borderline personality disorder running in families. Amad et al. choose patients 18 years or older with borderline personality disorder, the diagnostics were made according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual criteria. Meta-analyses, a method for combining study data from multiple studies, was performed if two or more studies
What is Borderline Personality Disorder? Defined by the website www.borderlinepersonalitydisorder.com, “Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious mental illness that causes unstable moods, behavior, and relationships. It usually begins during adolescence or early adulthood.” One may wonder what can be the cause of this disorder. BPD can be detected by an in-person interview about the symptoms that are occurring. The input from family and close friends of the individual that is being treated can also help detect the symptoms. The causes for BPD are not fully
Borderline personality disorder is a serious mental illness that directly affects one’s behavior, moods, and relationships/socialization skills. Borderline personality disorder often is associated with co-occurring disorders like depression, suicidal behaviors, anxiety, abuse of drugs and alcohol, as well as eating disorders. The behavior of a person diagnosed with borderline is also described to erratic and impulsive. The cause of borderline personality disorder is still not entirely clear at this point, although trials and studies suggest that it can be passed down through genetic traits. It is also suggested that one’s environment/upbringing may play a huge factor in the diagnoses as well.
A personality disorder is characterized by a distinct pattern of behavior that does not meet normal standards of behavior within one’s culture. This pattern is ingrained as the norm to the person affected, and the characteristics of the affected person deviate markedly from societal standards (Hebblethwaite, 2009). The two main features that help to identify a personality disorder are chronic interpersonal difficulties and persons with one’s identity or sense of self (Livesly, 2001). Within this set of mental health disorders lie several other subsets, including one of the most prominent personality disorders - Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). BPD is a severe, long-lasting disorder that has an incidence of occurrence approximately equal to that of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia combined (Grant, Chou, Goldstein et al., 2008). BPD also puts those affected at risk for damage in many areas of their life if not properly diagnosed and treated, including personal relationships, school, work, and self-imagine. Furthermore, this disorder has a high co-morbidity with other disorders such as depression, substance abuse, eating disorders, and social phobia, among many more (Hebblethwaite, 2009). Misdiagnosis of borderline personality disorder can have serious clinical implications. This paper looks to identify the risk factors associated with BPD, the affects on various aspects of the person’s life, treatments, and give recommendations as to how to properly identify and
The main feature of borderline personality disorder is the pervasive pattern of unstable relationships, self-image, and impulsiveness. Borderline personality disorder begins by early adulthood and is present in a variety of situations. A person with borderline personality disorder will make major efforts to avoid any situation of abandonment. There are many symptoms that go along with having borderline personality disorder. Some examples would include: intense fears of abandonment, intense anger and irritability, impulsive and risky behavior, and wide mood swings. Self-harm, suicidal behavior and substance intoxication are very common in people with borderline personality disorder. A person with BPD experiences emotions in different ways than
4) Gunderson, J. G. (2011). Borderline personality disorder. The New England Journal of Medicine, 364(21), 2037-2042. Retrieved from https://ez.salem.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/869106178?accountid=13657
9.6 percent of the United States population have a mental disorder and 1.6 percent have borderline personality disorder. Borderline personality disorder is a mental illness that shows symtoms of not being able to regulate emotional responses and moods, impacting self image, relationships and behavior (National Institute of Mental Health,2016). The National Institute of Mental Health states that borderline personality disorder is experienced in a person when they are overwhelmed with emotions in the cognitive functioning. Symptoms of a person with borderline personality disorder could include explosive amount of anger, depression, and anxiety. People with borderline personality disorder could also have other mental disorders such as mood
Psychologists perform many studies related to Borderline Personality Disorder. One study in adults proves that 2-8% of adults suffer from BPD. In the same study, psychologist discovered that in fact the disorder is far more common in women than in men. After obtaining research in children and teens we see the frequency of BPD in 9-19 years of age is about 11%. This study or theory also proves that BPD occurs more often in girls than in boys. Borderline Personality Disorder can be triggered or caused in many different ways. Some people suffer from BPD due to a disturbing childhood experience. Studies show this disorder could even be genetic. There are numerous reasons why a child, teen, adult can develop traits and eventually suffer from BPD. Many patients tell or report abuse or neglect during childhood or some pivotal time in their life. The most common abuse reported tends to be sexual abuse as a child. Forty to seventy percent of patients with Borderline Personality Disorder, who suffered abuse as a child, claim the abuse was sexual in nature. Other important causes revolve around family neglect, foster care, or trauma. BPD patients have an increased fear of losing a primary attachment figure. With higher awareness of BPD, we now know this disorder’s high personal, social, and economic toll make it a national public health
Identity issue is no more to be a diagnosis of exclusion it needs a reasonable system that fits both the indications of the disease and the behavioral issues that constitute its current diagnostic criteria. This paper discuses major psychological disorders. It will concentrate in Paranoid, Antisocial and Borderline personality disorders. This paper uses research to define these disorders, discusses their characteristics and how they affect their daily life and the workplace. In this paper I offer my own perspective of these disorders as they relates to college career and life.
Go back to a time in life where someone has taken advantage of you. It may be as simple as someone borrowing lunch money and never returning it. It may be more serious such as someone who is constantly using their friendship for personal gain. You may have an easy way with cutting the person out of your life, but for others it may be much harder. Violent Sexual acts happen more often in the United States than what the media publishes in the news. These victims must relive the event, or events that have taken place over a period of their life. When looking at the aftermath of the act itself, it is many times much more harmful to the victim (Ullman and Filipas, 2001). When people think of victims of sexual assault, they many times think
According to SAMSHA, early detections and interventions are possible to detect in children and adolescents and if treated early the likelihood of successful treatment is high. If BPD can be seen is children and adolescents I propose the idea of educating guidance counselors, teachers, and staff members on a training of the signs of Borderline Personality Disorder and recommending parents and caregivers of these children to seek counseling to find out the diagnosis, also educate the parents on the particular signs and if there is any knowledge of family members with this disorder. There has been controversy between researchers upon actually diagnosing BPD among adolescents. According to Kaess et al (2014) there are four reasons for the controversy, one side states that BPD isn’t effective in adolescent years. Second, the features of BPD are consider normal in adolescents. Third, in adolescent years children have an instability in personality which professionals see that as hard to distinguish between growing through adolescent years
Studies have found that parents with Borderline Personality Disorder can influence their family as a whole. Feldman, Zelkowitz, Weiss, Vogel, Heyman, and Paris (1995)
Abstract: This paper will discuss the causes and psychological impact of borderline personality disorder. It will also talk about how to treat those impacted by borderline personality disorder.
“Personality disorders have been documented in approximately 9 percent of the general U.S. population” (Angstman, Rasmussen, 2011). Emotional dysregulation disorder or its common name borderline personality disorder is a very serious and chronic disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) describes borderline personality disorder as “a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity that begins by early adulthood and is present in a variety of contexts” (Gardner, 2006). Within the last 20 years, psychologists and other mental health professionals have made tremendous strides in research on what exactly borderline personality disorder, some of its triggers and possible effective treatment options. Borderline personality disorder is defined as a disorder that generates severe emotional instability which can be a springboard that can lead to other stress induced mental and behavioral problems.
Borderline personality disorder forms part of the cluster B personality disorders and it is usually more prolific in females than males. It two percent prevalence and Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is defined as a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image and emotions. Initially ( BPD) was thought to occupy the “border” between neurotic and psychotic disorders. However, this sense of the term borderline became identified with schizotypal personality, which is biologically related to schizophrenia.
While it was initially thought that borderline personality disorder was more common in women, new data confirms that the prevalence is equal among the sexes. Along with this, research “identified high rates of comorbidity with mood, anxiety and substance use disorders [4]. Patients with BPD have a 50-fold higher rate of suicide than the general population [5 ]” (Nelson). However, it was also discovered within recent history that the prognosis for borderline personality disorder is shockingly favorable, in contrast with the previous notion that it was chronic and practically untreatable. Over the course of ten years of treatment, borderline personality disorder has a high rate of remission combined with a low rate of relapsing symptoms. At a follow-up, after sixteen years, remission rates continued to be high, and recovery rates were moderate (Nelson). One of the most notable processes involved in remission and recovery is dialectical behavior therapy, which is “designed to treat chronically suicidal, multiproblem patients” (Nelson). Thirteen separate trials have been performed to test the effectiveness of dialectical behavior, making it the most highly researched forms of psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder. It is also one of the most effective, as “not only did participants of DBT report using three-times more skills than those in a control condition, but also their use of skills mediated decreases in suicide attempts and depression, and an increase in control over anger” (Nelson). Despite being viewed as having a poor prognosis initially, borderline personality disorder can be treated effectively. While it may be a lengthy