Experiment 5
The Quantitative Determination of an Acid in
Carbonated Beverages
Thomas Canfield
Kelly Caddell
Chemistry 144B
T.A. Brock Marvin
15 October 2012
Methods: Two sodas containing citric acid were investigated in this experiment. Each soda was titrated using one of the two experimental methods. These methods are the traditional titration and the modern titration. Carbonic acid was already removed from the soda by boiling it. Both of the two different titration methods use the same basic set up. Firstly, the buret must be cleaned thoroughly with tap water. While cleaning the buret, it is also checked to make sure there are no leaks. The ring stand is then set up with a buret clamp and the cleaned buret placed
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The device stores the entered data and records it on a chart. This process of titration was repeated two more times for a total of three accurate titrations. The data stored in the device was then transferred to a computer and saved. The charts and data collected can be found on the last page. The volume of NaOH used to reach the equivalence point was calculated for each of the three titrations. The equivalence point was found graphically. Using the volume of NaOH and the molarity of NaOH, the moles of NaOH were calculated. Using the volume of the soda used, the molarity of citric acid was found. Then the mean and standard deviation of the molarity of citric acid was calculated.
Results:
In the traditional titration, the recorded data is shown in the following chart:
Table 1: | Volume of soda | Volume of NaOH | RatioNaOH:soda | MolesNaOH | MolesCitric acid | MolarityCitric acid | Titration1 | 40.00mL | 19.00mL | .475 | 8.85* 10^-4 | 2.95* 10^-4 | 7.375*10^-3 | Titration2 | 40.00mL | 19.00mL | .466 | 8.85* 10^-4 | 2.95* 10^-4 | 7.23*10^-3 | Titration3 | 40.80mL | 19.00mL | .469 | 8.85* 10^-4 | 2.95* 10^-4 | 7.28*10^-3 | Titration4 | 40.10mL | 19.02mL | .474 | 8.86* 10^-4 | 2.95* 10^-4 | 7.36*10^-3 |
From the data in Table 1, the mean and standard deviation was calculated for the molarity of citric acid:
Mean molarity of citric acid: 7.31*10^-3
Standard Deviation: 6.837*10^-5
In the modern titration, the recorded data is shown for the
We know that that the end point of the titration is reached when, after drop after careful drop of NaOH, the solution in the flask retains its pale pink color while swirling for about 30
4. It would be difficult to measure the concentration of acid in red wine or coca-cola because the colour of the drink is too dark for us to see when the phenolphthalein indicator changes colour. You could overcome this difficulty by using a pH meter.
Titration is a technique where a solution of known (acid or base) concentration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown (acid or base) solution.
Titration is the slow addition of one solution of a known concentration (called a titrant) to a known volume of another solution of unknown concentration until the reaction reaches neutralisation, which is often indicated by a colour change. The solution called the titrant must satisfy the necessary requirements to be a primary or secondary standard. In a broad sense, titration is a technique to determine the concentration of an unknown solution. We can use the reaction to find out the molarity of the solution by measuring the product(s) that is formed.
Jones Soda was the hippest soda in town, gaining a substantial fan base within the hip crowds of the underground scene. They connected with their consumers by being quirky and leaving the mainstream attitudes that most soda companies have created, in the dust. Established in 1987 in Canada Jones Soda relocated to the Grunge scene of Seattle, by the mid-2000s the company had grown quite a bit and by 2006 their revenue had increased by 16 percent.
2. In Part I of this experiment, acetic acid is titrated with NaOH. The net ionic equation for acetic acid reacting with NaOH is CH3COOH+ NaOH =NaC2H3O2+H2O. The equivalence point is when the moles of the titrant and other solution are equal.. You detect the equivalence point by obtaining the point on the graph where the steep pH occurs. In titrating acetic acid with NaOH, the pH is greater than 7 at the equivalence point because NaOH is a strong base so it results in a higher pH, due to the OH- ions in the solution.
In the titration, I used these available instruments to ensure my results would be as accurate as possible.
To begin, three sets ofabout 0.3000g of KHP are weighed out on an analytical balance. Put the three sets of KHP into three separate, labeled flasks. All three sets of the KHP is then dissolved with approximately 50mL of deionized water. Next, a buret is used to start the actual titration. Buret is initially filled to 0.00mL mark with the NaOH solution, this is recorded as initial volume. Next, add 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator into each of the three flasks containing KHP. A magnetic stir bar is then added to the first flask, and placed above a stir plate. Everything is positioned under the buret. Stirrer is put on medium speed and the titration can start. Slowly release the NaOH into the KHP flask. As the end point is reached, a pink color will be seen in the flask. When the lightest pink possible remains in the solution for more than 30 seconds titration is complete. The final volume is recorded, and the same steps are taken for the other two sets of KHP solution. Finally, blank titration is completed to determine deviation.
During a titration the pH of the solution will be monitored using a pH meter from that we get a titration curve. The titration curve is then used to determine the equivalent molecular weight and Ka value of the unknown weak acid, from that we are
#2. 50.00 mL of solution #2 was removed from the flask using the volumetric pipet and was placed into a 100 mL volumetric flask. It was diluted to the line, stopped, and mixed gently. The flask was labeled solution #3. 10.00 mL of solution #3 was removed with the volumetric pipet and placed into a 25 mL volumetric flask and was diluted to the line. The flask was stopped and mixed gently.
According to the article of “Sugary Drinks”. New York City’s Board of Health passed a rule of banning super sized sodas in restaurants. This proves that they care about other people health besides themselves. This problem is that New York City’s Board might see or hear about people that are overweight, sickly , and might dissolve your teeth.
Normally when deciding what to drink, one would consider a soda more than a water. Even though sodas have more taste to them, they have many bad side effects along with it. On the other hand, water does not have many, if any at all, bad side effects. Even though water does not have any bad side effects, people need to watch what they are drinking the water out of. Many of the plastic containers are made from a mixture of chemicals which cause a variety of health concerns. Although soda can be refreshing to our taste buds, water is the better alternative if one is watching for health benefits, and money expenses However, canned soda is better for the environment in relation
The U.S and its people have been facing health problems for the longest time, from all kinds of diseases and health issues- obesity and type 2 diabetes specifically. Obesity and being overweight are problems that teens and adults are facing in the U.S. and is continuing to increase each and every day. The food stamp act created in 1964 was initially designed to help provide food for people in need of help at a time when hunger was one of the main problems hitting the U.S, many years later, while the hunger issue is still existing, the program adjusted at a slow pace to a better nutritional program. For the past couple of years, it has been argued on whether soda and other sugary drinks should be bought on the supplemental Nutrition Assistance
The purpose of the experiment was to compare antacids by the amounts acid they neutralize to find the most effective antacid. Finding the most effective antacid is important because it will help others by allowing them to choose the best product for their heartburn. Titration is the process of which the unknown solutions concentration reacts with a known solution concentration. During the experiment, titration was used to calculate the moles of HCl neutralized by the antacid in this case was gelusil, by knowing the moles of HCl initially added to the flask and moles of HCl neutralized by the NaOH.
A standard acid solution like HCl can be used as titrant for the analysis of both soda ash and a carbonate-bicarbonate mixture. In the analysis of soda ash, the volume needed to neutralize the soda ash is used to compute for its alkalinity, in this experiment we obtained a 17.6 % alkalinity with an error of 15.14% In the analysis of a carbonate-bicarbonate mixture two indicators (phenolphthalein and methyl orange) were used. The first endpoint determines the half-neutralization of the carbonate and the second determines that of the