1st Literature review

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Capella University *

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May 9, 2024

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Literature Review Capella University April 28, 2024

Introduction : Teen pregnancy has long been an issue of concern, particularly in urban areas. As a social justice issue, it's essential to address the high rates of teen pregnancy in a way that empowers teen parents to effectively parent their children. The program provides an eight-week parenting class for teen mothers and fathers in urban communities. The program receives referrals from organizations such as local schools, hospitals, social service agencies, and the Department of Children and Family Services. During the weekly classes, the participants learn about child development, effective communication with children, stress management, and compassionate behavior management strategies. The program is set up to include increased knowledge about child development, an enhanced sense of competence in parenting, reduced stress levels, and a shift towards compassionate behavior management strategies instead of corporal punishment. In this paper, we'll explore the nature and causes of teen parenting and interventions that can help teen parents. Nature of the problem : Teenage pregnancy and childbearing have been major challenges in the United States for several years. Despite various policies and programs aimed at reducing the incidence of adolescent pregnancy, their combined impact has been minimal, and the rates of teenage pregnancy and childbearing remain high. Teenage pregnancies are not isolated incidents, and they often occur due to economic disadvantage, inadequate educational systems, poor housing, family instability, and emotional deprivation (Barker, Subramania, Selmon, Austin, 2019). Unfortunately, these conditions can be passed down to the children of teenage mothers, increasing the likelihood that they will also

become adolescent parents, perpetuating the cycle of poverty. According to recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2017, the birth rate for women aged 15-19 was 18.8 per 1,000, and there were 194,377 babies born to this age group. These numbers represent a record low for U.S. teens, with a decrease of 7 percent from the previous year. The birth rate for women aged 15-17 dropped by 10 percent, while women aged 18-19 saw a 6 percent decline. The exact reasons for these decreases are not yet fully understood. However, it appears that more adolescents are abstaining from sexual activity and using birth control more consistently. Nevertheless, it is important to note that the U.S. teen pregnancy rate is still higher than that of many other countries (Aboujaoude, 2016). Causes of the problem : Pregnant teenagers are often viewed as a vulnerable group. However, not much research has been done on how trauma affects their mental health, their attachment to the fetus, and their behavior related to pregnancy health (Anastas, Payne, Ghuman, 2021). The mental health needs and trauma histories of pregnant teenagers have not been adequately addressed. Studies on adult pregnant women have shown that early psychosocial risks are associated with mental health issues and lower levels of prenatal health behavior (Anastas, Payne, Ghuman, 2021). Teen pregnancy is a topic that has always been stigmatized by society due to a plethora of reasons. It is often said that children having children is not ideal. There are various challenges that adolescents who have children face, both immediate and long-term. These include preterm birth, low birth weight, and risks of neonatal conditions. Besides, concerns such as the mother's ability to complete her education, find work, and earn family-

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