W7_CaseStudy2_Guirguis_Mira

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Chemistry

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May 8, 2024

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1 Week 7 Case Study 2 Mira Guirguis South University NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology Dr. Sandi Dr. McDermott March 29 th , 2024
2 Part 1 The patient's burning sensation and repeated bathroom visits led to the diagnosis of a urinary tract infection. Additionally, leukocytes and positive nitrites are visible on the dipstick. The bacterium developing should be identified by performing a urine culture (Gonsalves, 2021). The presence of leukocyte esterase, which is a byproduct of white blood cells that erupt when there is an infection, or nitrites in the urine may be a sign of a urinary tract infection. Further testing is required if there is blood in the urine. It may be a sign of kidney damage, kidney or bladder cancer, infection, kidney or bladder stones, or blood issues. Taking antibiotics would be the course of treatment (Dlugasch & Story, 2019). Their ability to cure it more effectively will depend on the organism when it returns. Additional non- pharmacological methods include using probiotics (which restore normal flora) and cotton underwear, staying hydrated, avoiding irritants like bubble baths and deodorants, and wearing cotton underwear (Dlugasch & Story, 2019).  Part 2 1. I would think that the diagnosis for the patient is a urinary tract infection due to the symptoms, which typically results from an abundance of moisture allowing bacteria to proliferate and spread up the urethra. This may have an impact on the bladder, kidneys, ureters, and urethra, among other urinary system organs. Though other bacteria can also cause UTIs, 90% of the time E. coli is the culprit. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most prevalent pathogen causing UTIs. The patient's gender is taken into consideration, since it
3 is thought to be one of the risk factors for a urinary tract infection (UTI). This is because women often have shorter urethras, which make it a much simpler path for bacteria to enter the bladder and exit the body. Transmission is passed through bacteria from the patient's vaginal area, or anus and enter the urethra which then travels to the bladder, where they cause an infection (Dlugasch & Story, 2019). 2. Numerous factors, including the urine's color, appearance, specific gravity, pH, WBC value, squamous epithelial cells, and bacterial content, indicate urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the table provided. Because drinking less water or fluids can also lead to less urination, which in turn causes concentrated urine to remain in the bladder for extended periods of time, urine that is dark yellow may suggest urine that is low in volume or that the patient is dehydrated and needs more fluids. The patient's urine exhibits a WBC of 5– 10/HPH, which is higher than usual (Gonsalves, 2021). The immune system boosts WBC production to start fighting against the bacteria or urinary tract infections, which can also cause urine to appear cloudy, which is also a visible effect in the patient's urinalysis result. This will further support the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) (Dlugasch & Story, 2019). While any quantity of bacteria may also signal a urinary tract infection, a large number of squamous epithelial cells may also indicate an infection or that the cells were shed from an unsuitable place, such the bladder or urethra. 3. A urine culture and sensitivity test should be performed in addition to a urinalysis since the former cannot identify the precise bacteria causing the patient's UTI. In addition to confirming the presence of bacteria, a urine culture can reveal information about
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