W7_CaseStudy2_Guirguis_Mira
.docx
keyboard_arrow_up
School
University of Tampa *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
5000
Subject
Chemistry
Date
May 8, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
7
Uploaded by DoctorRabbit3095 on coursehero.com
1
Week 7 Case Study 2
Mira Guirguis
South University NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology Dr. Sandi Dr. McDermott
March 29
th
, 2024
2
Part 1
The patient's burning sensation and repeated bathroom visits led to the diagnosis of a urinary tract infection. Additionally, leukocytes and positive nitrites are visible on the dipstick.
The bacterium developing should be identified by performing a urine culture (Gonsalves, 2021).
The presence of leukocyte esterase, which is a byproduct of white blood cells that erupt when there is an infection, or nitrites in the urine may be a sign of a urinary tract infection. Further testing is required if there is blood in the urine. It may be a sign of kidney damage, kidney or bladder cancer, infection, kidney or bladder stones, or blood issues.
Taking antibiotics would be the course of treatment (Dlugasch & Story, 2019). Their ability to cure it more effectively will depend on the organism when it returns. Additional non-
pharmacological methods include using probiotics (which restore normal flora) and cotton underwear, staying hydrated, avoiding irritants like bubble baths and deodorants, and wearing cotton underwear (Dlugasch & Story, 2019).
Part 2 1.
I would think that the diagnosis for the patient is a urinary tract infection due to the symptoms, which typically results from an abundance of moisture allowing bacteria to proliferate and spread up the urethra. This may have an impact on the bladder, kidneys, ureters, and urethra, among other urinary system organs. Though other bacteria can also cause UTIs, 90% of the time E. coli is the culprit. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most prevalent pathogen causing UTIs. The patient's gender is taken into consideration, since it
3
is thought to be one of the risk factors for a urinary tract infection (UTI). This is because women often have shorter urethras, which make it a much simpler path for bacteria to enter the bladder and exit the body. Transmission is passed through bacteria from the patient's vaginal area, or anus and enter the urethra which then travels to the bladder, where they cause an infection (Dlugasch & Story, 2019). 2.
Numerous factors, including the urine's color, appearance, specific gravity, pH, WBC value, squamous epithelial cells, and bacterial content, indicate urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the table provided. Because drinking less water or fluids can also lead to less urination, which in turn causes concentrated urine to remain in the bladder for extended periods of time, urine that is dark yellow may suggest urine that is low in volume or that the patient is dehydrated and needs more fluids. The patient's urine exhibits a WBC of 5–
10/HPH, which is higher than usual (Gonsalves, 2021). The immune system boosts WBC
production to start fighting against the bacteria or urinary tract infections, which can also cause urine to appear cloudy, which is also a visible effect in the patient's urinalysis result. This will further support the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) (Dlugasch & Story, 2019). While any quantity of bacteria may also signal a urinary tract infection, a
large number of squamous epithelial cells may also indicate an infection or that the cells were shed from an unsuitable place, such the bladder or urethra.
3.
A urine culture and sensitivity test should be performed in addition to a urinalysis since the former cannot identify the precise bacteria causing the patient's UTI. In addition to confirming the presence of bacteria, a urine culture can reveal information about
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Related Questions
Erwin Smith wants to determine the average concentration of amino acids present in the spinal fluid of Eldians. He assigned four people to complete this task. Who among these four people will be able to obtain the best results?
a.Levi Ackerman, who obtained samples from 100 Eldians from Wall Maria
b.Mikasa Ackerman, who obtained samples from 100 Eldians from Wall Rose
c.Hange Zoe, who obtained samples from 50 Eldians inside Wall Sina and 50 Eldians from Wall Rose
d.Armin Arlert, who obtained samples from 34 Eldians from Wall Maria, 33 Eldians from Wall Rose, and 33 Eldians from Wall Sina
arrow_forward
A1L TPN order is written for 400 mL 10% Dextrose, 300 mL 4.25% amino acids, and a total of 37 mL of additives.
How much sterile water for injection should be added?
a. 55 mL
b. 137 mL
c. 163 mL
d. 263 mL
arrow_forward
A Life Science-1803035-377210-1
A Life Science-1803035-377210-1
1803035.agilixbuzz.com/student/142171010/activity/b13bdb49b1d84a84a3aff52cc918e067
Todigy Jackson-Wonder E.
E Edulastic: Formativ.
RL Home
Zearn Math: Top-rat.
A Who was the capta.
Netflix M Wes
mical Reactions - Show it
> Life Science-1803035-377210-15 / Unit 7: Chemical Reactions/ Week 23 - Chemical Reactions/ Monday, Lesson 107 - 2/8/21
Identifying the Parts of a Chemical Reaction. Identify the reactants and
products in the chemical reaction below.
Identify the reactants: CH4 + 202 --> CO2 + 2H2O
Your answer
re attempting to view Google Drive co
ts google.com/Login
If it still d
new tab
Identify the products: CH4 - 202 --> CO2 + 2H2O
Yok an
Identify the reactants: NaCi Na CI
OUS ACTIVITY
New version available (30 220)
GET IT NOW
WHAT ARE REACTIONS?A
WHAT ARE REACTIONS?- READ IT
arrow_forward
1. A 75-year-old man is given an infusion of lidocaine for the control of ventricular tachycardia. A dose adjustment is required. Which of the following parameters would be the most important in selecting a new infusion rate that is therapeutically effective but non-toxic?
A. Bioavailability
B. Clearance
C. Glomerular filtration rate
D. Volume of distribution
1. A 15-year-old girl has severe cramping pain that begins a few hours before the start of her menstrual flow. She says that the pain has occurred monthly for the past 9 months. She also complains of headache and of being very tired during the menstrual period. Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy?
A. Acetaminophen
B. Celecoxib
C. Dexamethasone
D. Ibuprofen
arrow_forward
When an organic reaction is undergoing reflux, what are some potential errors (not human or instrumental) that would cause the reflux to be incomplete?
arrow_forward
• For which of the following problems would ICP-MS be appropriate.
Explain why.
1. For the characterisation of paints
2. For the characterisation of perfumes
3. For the analysis of caffeine in drugs
4. For the analysis of gluten in food products
arrow_forward
This pre-analytical variable can have an effect on chemistry tests which are read visually by spectrophotometry:
Question 8 options:
all answers are correct
icterus
lipemia
hemolysis
arrow_forward
How the “MILK BORNE DISEASES” are spread?
Enlist all the “Four Sources” from which the “microorganism in milk” come from.
Enlist the “Diseases” transmitted through “Milk” like the “diseases of bovine (esp. Ox and Cow) origin.
Enlist the “Diseases” transmitted through “Milk” like the “diseases of human” origin.
Define and briefly discuss the “PASTEURIZATION OF MILK”.
arrow_forward
An erythrocyte placed in pure water will lyse, but bacteria usually won’t. This is because
A. Bacteria grow best in pure water
B. The cell wall prevents bacterial lysis
C. Most bacteria will simply produce spores in that situation
D. Bacteria cane move quickly
arrow_forward
Case Studies An 18-year-old male high school student who had a 4-year history of diabetes mellitus was brought to the emergency department because of excessive drowsiness, vomiting. and diarrhea. His diabetes had been well controlled with 40 units of NPH insulin daily until several days ago when he developed excessive thirst and polyuria. For the past 3 days, he has also had headaches, myalgia, and a low-grade fever. Diarrhea and vomiting began 1 day ago Chemistry Test Results Sodium 126 mmol/L Urinalysis Results Specific 1.012 gravity pH 5.0 Glucose 4+ Ketone Large Potassium Chloride Bicarbonate Plasma glucose 6.1 mmol/L 87 mmol/L 6 mmol/L 600 mg/dL BUN Creatinine Serum ketones 48 mg/dL. 2.0 mg/dL 4+ 1. What is the probable diagnosis of this patient 2. What laboratory test(s) should be performed to follow this patient and aid in adjusting insulin levels? 3. Why are the urine ketones positive? 4. What methods are used to quantitate urine ketones? Which ketone(s) do they detect?
arrow_forward
1. Penicillin is hydrolyzed and thereby rendered inactive penicillinase, an enzyme present in some
penicillin-resistant bacteria. The molecular weight of this enzyme in Staphylococcus aureus is 29.6 kilo
Daltons (29.6 kg/mole or 29,600 g/mole or 29,600 ng/nmole) The amount of penicillin hydrolyzed in 2
minute in a 10-mL solution containing 109 g (1 ng) of purified penicillinase was measured as a function
of the concentration of penicillin. Assume that the concentration of penicillin does not change
appreciably during the assay. [Hint: Convert everything to the same concentration terms]
Show all calculations and include spreadsheets and graphs to determine Km, Vmax and kcat for this
enzyme. Make sure your final answers have correct units.
[Another hint: Note that [S] and amount hydrolyzed are already in concentration terms. So you don't
need to worry about the volume for calculating [S] and V. ]
Penicillin concentration (microM)
Amount hydrolyzed (nanoM)
1
110
3
250
5
340
10
450
30
580…
arrow_forward
By using the rodent bioassay approach, can the concentrations of lead be safe for consumption by humans?
arrow_forward
2eo
H H.
H
HSDar
H2SO4
HT
HO
2ea
H leg
LDA/-78°C
H
arrow_forward
Why is appropriate sampling important in relation to food?
arrow_forward
Unknown
Mixture #1
Unknown
Mixture #2
Sample
caffeine
ibuprofen
aspirin
acetaminoph
en
Distance to
solvent front
14,70 cm 14,70cm
14.70cm1u.70 cm
1나,구 cm
|14.구0cm
5. 70 cm
11.90 cm
I.85cm
Distance
Spot(s) traveled 175 cm
13.75cm
11.9 5 cm 6.4 0 cm
13,75 cm
13.75 cm
38 78
1908
.8095
Calculated R:(s)
119
,9354
812 9
43 S
.9354
9354
#1:Aspirin
an d lbuprofen
Components of
Unknowns
#2: Ace taminophen, aspirin
an d ibu profen
D. Additional Exercises
1. Which of the substances tested is most polar? What parts of the structure of this substance is polar?
The Sul
2. Which of the substance tested is most non-polar? What parts of the structure of this substance in non-polar?
arrow_forward
An enzyme requires a Zn2+ ion in order to function correctly. In this case, the Zn2+ is a(n)
a. apoenzyme
b. coenzyme
c. cofactor
d. subunit
24. A substance that can bind to an enzyme at a location other than the active site and increase or decrease the activity of that enzyme is called a(n)
a. subunit
b. proenzyme
c. modulator
d. feedback inhibitor
arrow_forward
2. What are the other tests performed for the measurement LUTEINIZING HORMONE? Explain the principle and procedure
arrow_forward
6. A 190 lb worker in a factory received an exposure to AB which has a molecular weight
(MW) of 278 g/mole. AB is completely metabolized in the body to A (MW 194) and B. A is
completely excreted in the urine and B is further metabolized to five different compounds. A
24-hr total urine sample was 2060 ml, Analysis showed the concentration of A in the urine
was 1.28 ng/mL What was the absorbed dose of AB in ug/kg body wt?
arrow_forward
Give two examples of toxins or enzymes produced by Staphylococcus aureus. Explain the pathogenic significance of each.
Why is Staphylococcus aureus considered a pathogen, while Staphylococcus epidermidis is not?
How do selective and differential media help microbiologists identify microbes?
What might contribute to the misidentification of a microbe when flow charts are used?
How do flow charts promote efficiency in the clinical lab?
arrow_forward
You have just started working in an Urgent Care Clinic as a nurse. Mom brings in her 3 year old little boy, Brandon. Mom states that Brandon has been having fever up to 104F and he isn't eating or drinking anything because he feels very sick to his stomach, not to mention crabby! He's also been pulling a lot at his right ear and sounds congested. At the last well visit with the Pediatrician (about 2 weeks ago), Mom states that Brandon weighed 32 pounds.
On exam today, his weight is 12.5 kg. Additionally his eyes are darkened and sunken, his mouth is dry with some white crusting around the lips. His temperature is 39C, other vitals signs are normal. Though he looks ill he appears to be medically stable. The doctor rushes in, quickly exams Brandon, diagnoses him with otitis media and then barks off orders to you that you then need to convey accurately to Mom. The orders include: push fluids, ibuprofen 10mg/kg every 6 hours if temp > 38C, and begin taking a 10-day course of…
arrow_forward
d)
1.EtMgBr
PCC
HO-
CH2CI2
2. H20
A
arrow_forward
amanda found an article that stated 5 mg/ml of nicotine (mw 162.23 g/mol) enters the blood stream after smoking a hookah pen. she wants to investigate the potential hazards of such high amount of nicotine in the blood. what molar concentration should she use to replicate this phenomena in vitro.
arrow_forward
You have come down with a nasty cold and would like to understand why the virus thatinfected you is making you feel so lousy. With a few facts given here, you can show that theinfected cells are now very full of virus particles, resulting in your current condition.A. Calculate the volume of a eukaryotic cell, in liters (L).B. Calculate the concentration, in Molarity, M, of a single virus within that cell. Note: this is theconcentration of any single molecule within a cell.C. Calculate the concentration, in Molarity, M, of 105 (100,000) virus particles —a typicalnumber produced by a viral infection — within that cell.D. If each virus particle is 100 nm in diameter, calculate the “excluded volume” — the spaceoccupied by those 100,000 virus particles. Compare this to the volume of the cell. In otherwords, what fraction of the cells total volume is currently being occupied by virus particles?E. Estimate the average distance between the 105 virus particles in the eukaryotic cell. Hint:start…
arrow_forward
True or false.
1. In an immunoassay for drugs of abuse, any concentration greater than 0 is considered positive screen.
2. Traditionaly, drug screens are performed on blood samples because drug concentration in blood are much higher then in urine?
arrow_forward
Temperature
4 °C
21 °C
30 °C
37 °C
90 °C
Absorbance at zero min
1.300
0.952
0.876
0.914
0.903
Absorbance after 10 min of incubation
1.160
0.743
0.042
0.016
0.758
Aomin – A10min
0.140
0.209
0.834
0.898
0.145
Enzyme activity in 10 min (umoles)
Enzyme activity (umoles pyruvate/min)
CALCULATIONS: show calculations
Where extinction coefficient is 6.22 x 103
arrow_forward
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285869759
Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305960060
Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Related Questions
- Erwin Smith wants to determine the average concentration of amino acids present in the spinal fluid of Eldians. He assigned four people to complete this task. Who among these four people will be able to obtain the best results? a.Levi Ackerman, who obtained samples from 100 Eldians from Wall Maria b.Mikasa Ackerman, who obtained samples from 100 Eldians from Wall Rose c.Hange Zoe, who obtained samples from 50 Eldians inside Wall Sina and 50 Eldians from Wall Rose d.Armin Arlert, who obtained samples from 34 Eldians from Wall Maria, 33 Eldians from Wall Rose, and 33 Eldians from Wall Sinaarrow_forwardA1L TPN order is written for 400 mL 10% Dextrose, 300 mL 4.25% amino acids, and a total of 37 mL of additives. How much sterile water for injection should be added? a. 55 mL b. 137 mL c. 163 mL d. 263 mLarrow_forwardA Life Science-1803035-377210-1 A Life Science-1803035-377210-1 1803035.agilixbuzz.com/student/142171010/activity/b13bdb49b1d84a84a3aff52cc918e067 Todigy Jackson-Wonder E. E Edulastic: Formativ. RL Home Zearn Math: Top-rat. A Who was the capta. Netflix M Wes mical Reactions - Show it > Life Science-1803035-377210-15 / Unit 7: Chemical Reactions/ Week 23 - Chemical Reactions/ Monday, Lesson 107 - 2/8/21 Identifying the Parts of a Chemical Reaction. Identify the reactants and products in the chemical reaction below. Identify the reactants: CH4 + 202 --> CO2 + 2H2O Your answer re attempting to view Google Drive co ts google.com/Login If it still d new tab Identify the products: CH4 - 202 --> CO2 + 2H2O Yok an Identify the reactants: NaCi Na CI OUS ACTIVITY New version available (30 220) GET IT NOW WHAT ARE REACTIONS?A WHAT ARE REACTIONS?- READ ITarrow_forward
- 1. A 75-year-old man is given an infusion of lidocaine for the control of ventricular tachycardia. A dose adjustment is required. Which of the following parameters would be the most important in selecting a new infusion rate that is therapeutically effective but non-toxic? A. Bioavailability B. Clearance C. Glomerular filtration rate D. Volume of distribution 1. A 15-year-old girl has severe cramping pain that begins a few hours before the start of her menstrual flow. She says that the pain has occurred monthly for the past 9 months. She also complains of headache and of being very tired during the menstrual period. Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy? A. Acetaminophen B. Celecoxib C. Dexamethasone D. Ibuprofenarrow_forwardWhen an organic reaction is undergoing reflux, what are some potential errors (not human or instrumental) that would cause the reflux to be incomplete?arrow_forward• For which of the following problems would ICP-MS be appropriate. Explain why. 1. For the characterisation of paints 2. For the characterisation of perfumes 3. For the analysis of caffeine in drugs 4. For the analysis of gluten in food productsarrow_forward
- This pre-analytical variable can have an effect on chemistry tests which are read visually by spectrophotometry: Question 8 options: all answers are correct icterus lipemia hemolysisarrow_forwardHow the “MILK BORNE DISEASES” are spread? Enlist all the “Four Sources” from which the “microorganism in milk” come from. Enlist the “Diseases” transmitted through “Milk” like the “diseases of bovine (esp. Ox and Cow) origin. Enlist the “Diseases” transmitted through “Milk” like the “diseases of human” origin. Define and briefly discuss the “PASTEURIZATION OF MILK”.arrow_forwardAn erythrocyte placed in pure water will lyse, but bacteria usually won’t. This is because A. Bacteria grow best in pure water B. The cell wall prevents bacterial lysis C. Most bacteria will simply produce spores in that situation D. Bacteria cane move quicklyarrow_forward
- Case Studies An 18-year-old male high school student who had a 4-year history of diabetes mellitus was brought to the emergency department because of excessive drowsiness, vomiting. and diarrhea. His diabetes had been well controlled with 40 units of NPH insulin daily until several days ago when he developed excessive thirst and polyuria. For the past 3 days, he has also had headaches, myalgia, and a low-grade fever. Diarrhea and vomiting began 1 day ago Chemistry Test Results Sodium 126 mmol/L Urinalysis Results Specific 1.012 gravity pH 5.0 Glucose 4+ Ketone Large Potassium Chloride Bicarbonate Plasma glucose 6.1 mmol/L 87 mmol/L 6 mmol/L 600 mg/dL BUN Creatinine Serum ketones 48 mg/dL. 2.0 mg/dL 4+ 1. What is the probable diagnosis of this patient 2. What laboratory test(s) should be performed to follow this patient and aid in adjusting insulin levels? 3. Why are the urine ketones positive? 4. What methods are used to quantitate urine ketones? Which ketone(s) do they detect?arrow_forward1. Penicillin is hydrolyzed and thereby rendered inactive penicillinase, an enzyme present in some penicillin-resistant bacteria. The molecular weight of this enzyme in Staphylococcus aureus is 29.6 kilo Daltons (29.6 kg/mole or 29,600 g/mole or 29,600 ng/nmole) The amount of penicillin hydrolyzed in 2 minute in a 10-mL solution containing 109 g (1 ng) of purified penicillinase was measured as a function of the concentration of penicillin. Assume that the concentration of penicillin does not change appreciably during the assay. [Hint: Convert everything to the same concentration terms] Show all calculations and include spreadsheets and graphs to determine Km, Vmax and kcat for this enzyme. Make sure your final answers have correct units. [Another hint: Note that [S] and amount hydrolyzed are already in concentration terms. So you don't need to worry about the volume for calculating [S] and V. ] Penicillin concentration (microM) Amount hydrolyzed (nanoM) 1 110 3 250 5 340 10 450 30 580…arrow_forwardBy using the rodent bioassay approach, can the concentrations of lead be safe for consumption by humans?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285869759
Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305960060
Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen
Publisher:Cengage Learning