CA3 Stem Cells & Tonicity

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MiraCosta College *

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C210

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Biology

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May 10, 2024

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docx

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Concept Application Assignment #3 Type your Name here : William Mandolph Bio 220 (5 pts.) Questions 1-3 relate to the Stem cell video lesson that is posted on the course website (Assignments… CA3). Question 4 relates to tonicity and Osmolarity. Directions. This assignment is related to the material discussed in the Video on Stem Cells. Submit a hard copy of this assignment to me at the beginning of lecture. Just type answers below each question. When completed, upload the file. 1. Define the term “genetic differentiation”. (0.5 pt.) - Genetic differentiation among populations can also result from random processes such as genetic drift and founder effects. Genetic differentiation among populations can also result from random processes such as genetic drift and founder effects. 2. Referring to the three categories of stem cells described in the video, which of those types would most likely give rise to identical twins? Briefly explain why you chose that category (1 pt.) Personally, I think it would be the totipotent cells. Since these cells are found in the placenta. I think it would only make sense for it to aid in making identical twins. 3. For which type(s) of stem cells would you think that ethical issues and/or debates would arise with respect to their use for research? Briefly defend your argument. ( 2 pt.) Probably it would be the pluripotent stem cells. Since these are true stem cells that could be altered to grow a lot of different things. 4. The following question relates to the distinction between tonicity and osmotic concentration, when comparing two solutions. Remember that tonicity only accounts for Non-Penetrating Solutes (NPS) while osmotic concentration takes into account the sum of all solutes [NPS and Penetrating Solutes (PS)]. In answering the following question, you will choose the appropriate term for tonicity from column 1 and the appropriate term for osmotic concentration from column 2, with respect to the experimental situation that I have set up below in the diagrams. COLUMN 1: Terminology associated with Tonicity ( [NPS] only) COLUMN 2: Terminology associated with Osmotic concentration (sum all [PS] + [NPS] ) HYPOTONIC HYPOSMOTIC ISOTONIC ISOSMOTIC HYPERTONIC HYPEROSMOTIC SOLUTION A: 200 milliMolar NaCl This cell contains 100 milliMolar NaCl (a Non-Penetrating Solute) + 100 milliMolar Urea (a Penetrating solute)
NOTE: Before answering the following questions, remember that you must convert millimolar concentrations to osmotic concentrations if a solute dissociates in water. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: NaCl dissociates in solution, but urea will not dissociate. a. Reply to the following STATEMENT: Before placing the cell into Solution A, we can say that Solution A is HYPO/HYPER/ ISO- TONIC to the cell and is HYPO/ HYPER/ISO - OSMOTIC to the cell. TYPE THE CORRECT ANSWERS BELOW OR CIRCLE or Highlight THE CORRECT ANSWERS IN THE ABOVE STATEMENT (e.g. select from hypo/hyper/iso) . (0.5 pts.) b. If you put the cell into Solution A, what will happen to the cell morphology? (0.5 pts.) A hypertonic solution has a lower water potential. Therefore, water moves towards the solution. So water from the cells moves to the solution. This will lead to shrinkage of cells. c. What characteristic of NaCl causes it to dissociate in water, and what characteristic of urea enables it to remain as an intact molecule in water? (0.5 pts.) The covalent bonds of the water are stronger than the ionic bonds of the NaCl. The covalent bonds of the urea is stronger. They don't split into ions when mixed with water.
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