Pls help due asap Why does the reaction proceed readily as written under physiological conditions?The reaction is pushed forward by the energetically favorable oxidation of fumarate to malate.The NADH produced during glycolysis drives the reaction in the direction of malate oxidation.The steady-state concentrations of the products are low compared with those of the substrates.Endergonic reactions such as this occur spontaneously without the input of free energy.Assuming an [NAD+]/[NADH] ratio of 8, a temperature of 25°C, and a pH of 7, what is the lowest [malate]/[oxaloacetate] ratioat which oxaloacetate can be formed from malate?[malate][oxaloacetate]- The oxidation of malate by NAD to form oxaloacetate is a highly endergonic reaction under standard conditions.AG" = +29 kJ mol-¹ (+7 kcal mol-¹)Malate + NAD+=oxaloacetate + NADH + H+The reaction proceeds readily under physiological conditions.Why does the reaction proceed readily as written under physiological conditions?The reaction is pushed forward by the energetically favorable oxidation of fumarate to malate.The NADH produced during glycolysis drives the reaction in the direction of malate oxidation.The steady-state concentrations of the products are low compared with those of the substrates.Endergonic reactions such as this occur spontaneously without the input of free energy.

gives the change in Gibbs free energy under standard conditions. The conditions prevalent inside…

Answered: Why does the reaction proceed readily…

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter17: Metabolism: An Overview

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 14P

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Using the ActiveModel for enoyl-CoA dehydratase, give an example of a case in which conserved residues in slightly different positions can change the catalytic rate of reaction.
Based on your knowledge of the structure of NAD+ and an assumption that coenzyme dissociation is the rate limiting step of the alcohol dehydrogenase mechanism, hypothesize why a N249W mutation at the coenzyme binding site would increase the rate of catalysis.
Arsenate (HAsO42-) can replace inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, causing Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to be directly converted to 3-phosphoglycerate (NADH is still formed). If a cell is expose to Arsenate, which of the following metabolites of glycolysis will not be detectable in the cell? 2-phosphoglycerate 3-phosphoglycerate Fructose 6-phosphate Glucose 6-phosphate 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
Consider one of the reactions of the citric acid cycle shown below Malate + NAD+ ⇆ Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ (malate dehydrogenase) ΔG˚′ = +29.7 kJ/mol. Describe two factors that allow this thermodynamically unfavorable reaction to occur in the direction of malate to oxaloacetate.
Which of the following statements inaccurately describes glutamate dehydrogenase? Glutamate dehydrogenase uses either NAD+ or NADP+ in a redox reaction Glutamate dehydrogenase catalyzes an oxidative deamination reaction Glutamate dehydrogenase equilibrium lies with the reductive amination of glutamate Glutamate dehydrogenase utilizes hydrolysis to release ammonium from an imine intermediate
Given what you know about the involvement of nicotinamide nucleotides in oxidative and reductive metabolic reactions, predict whether the following intracellular concentration ratios should be (1) unity, (2) greater than unity, or (3) less than unity. Explain your answers. (a) [NAD*]/[NADH] (b) [NADP*]/[NADPH] Because NAD* and NADP* are essentially equivalent in their ten- dency to attract electrons, discuss how the two concentration ratios might be maintained inside cells at greatly differing values.
Lactate dehydrogenase is one of the many enzymes that require NADH as coenzyme. It catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate:Draw the mechanism of this reaction (show electron-pushing arrows). (Hint: This is a common reaction throughout metabolism; the mechanism is similar to that catalyzed by other dehydrogenases that use NADH, such as alcohol dehydrogenase.)
If α-ketoglutarate is removed from TCA cycle and used to make glutamate, how many of each of the cofactors (not intermediates) and high energy molecules in the TCA cycle are lost? How much ATP does this equate to (NADH = 2.5 ATP, FADH2 = 1.5 ATP)?
a) Metabolic process in which hexose metabolism occurs? Amount of steps? Since this metabolic process (hexose -> 2 pyruvate) is exergonic. b) But, looking at the individual reactions that makeup this process, they are a combination of exergonic and endergonic reactions. (true or false). If false, explain why. If true explain the contribution of endergonic reactions to the overall exergonic process.
Organisms growing anaerobically cannot perform glycolysis for long without reducing the pyruvate from glycolysis into another compound, most commonly to lactate or to ethanol plus CO2. Both of these reactions are given below in their unbalanced forms. Explain in one sentence why one of these reducing steps is needed to sustain anaerobic glycolysis.
The conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate reduces NAD+ to NADH. Under anaerobic conditions, how is NADH oxidized back to allow for continuing glycolysis? (name the compounds involved in the reaction besides NADH and their draw structures)
The diagram on the right compares the O2 uptake activity of mitochondria isolated from cultures of (wt) STHdhQ7/Q7 and mutant STHDHQ111/Q111 striatal neuronal progenitor cells, as introduced in Question 1. Panels A and B be- long to wt mitochondria and Panels C and D be- long to HD mitochondria. The isotonic medium was buffered to pH 7.4 with inorganic phosphate. Respiration is supported initially by addition of py- ruvate (+ malate) at t = 0, followed by additions of ADP (sufficient to consume all of the O2 in the incubation medium), R (rotenone), S (succinate), and O (oligomycin). For Panels A and C, Ca2+ had been added to a concentration of 0.9 µM, Ca2+ 2. B A WT 400 ADP ADP 450 300 - 300 200 Ca2 10 uM 150 100 - C HD 400 ADP R ADP R SO 450 300 - V s Ca2 10 uM 300 200 - 150 100 - while for mitochondria in Panels B and D, had been added to the medium to a final concen- Time 20 min tration of 10 µM, sufficient to require translocation into the mitochondrial matrix by the Ca2+…

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