1672944-3538106 - Jaden Brown - Oct 20, 2023 1044 PM - Microbiology 1 Draft (1)

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Jaden Brown Title How Effective are Disinfectants/Antibacterial products in everyday life? Introduction Studying the biology of minute organisms like viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi, slime molds, and protozoa is known as microbiology. The techniques utilized to research and work with these tiny, largely unicellular organisms are different from those employed in the majority of other biological investigations (Microbiology Society, 2019). The variety of shapes and sizes that microbes that like to thrive on common surfaces can be either helpful or dangerous. A method to distinguish between bacteria was developed by scientist Hans Christian Gram in the goal of determining which ones are helpful or harmful. He classified the bacteria as either gram- negative or gram-positive as a result (Silhavy, 2016). In your intestines, there is a rod-shaped bacterium called Escherichia coli that has a gram-negative cell wall. In your nose and on your skin is a spherical bacterium called Staphylococcus aureus, which has a gram-positive cell wall. Streptococcus mutans is a gram-positive, spherical bacteria that dwells in your mouth and causes tooth decay. (Cordero, 2023). The causal agent from contaminated material is identified using culture media (BYJU, 2022). Media used in the lab was tryptic soy agar (TSA), Lysogeny broth (LB), and Eosin methylene blue (EMB). EMB in particular only grows gram negative. Numerous hypotheses were formulated before the investigation ever started. The first assumption (Part A) was that washed hands that were then dried with a towel would be the cleanest. If washing your hands and drying them off with a towel removes more bacteria, this approach will be considered the cleanest. The second theory (Part B) postulated that the shoe's sole would be less spotless than the phone. The phone will appear to be cleaner if the shoe contains more bacteria or is dirtier. The last theory (Part C) claimed that the cleaner plus bleach antiseptic would work best. In regard to Part C antiseptics, disinfectants, and sterilization materials were used. By eradicating and preventing the spread of infectious agents, antisepsis refers to all interventions used to combat infection. Disinfection is the eradication of most germs, but not all of them. It is a technique that involves reducing contamination to a level where infections cannot spread but where bacterial spores can survive. It only applies to non- living objects and is carried out using disinfectants. To eradicate bacteria, antiseptics are softer versions of disinfectants that can be applied externally to live tissues. Sterilization entails the elimination of all germs, even bacterial spores that are multi-resistant (Gherman and Ciocan, 2018). Methods Part A, A TSA and LB bacterial plate should be obtained. One member of the group was used to wash their hands in each of the four regions of the bacterial plate (Unwashed, washed with no towel, washed with towel, and washed/scrubbed with towel). One member’s thumb was placed on the plate to measure the amount of bacteria. We applied the same procedures to the TSA and LB plates. Part B, From the teacher, we obtained one TSA, one EMB, and one LB media

plate. We indicated the name, group, and date of each plate. On the bottom of each plate, a line was marked dividing it in half. Each side was labeled with a different surface that was put to the test. The instructor provided a sterile cotton tipped swab and a tube of sterile water. The surface that the bacteria was coming from was selected. Just before using, the cotton tip was dipped into water, and squeezed as much extra water out of it. The tip was then glided across the surface the sample was taken from. The instructor was given the plates to incubate at 37 C overnight. Part C, once antiseptics were chosen and obtained, we labeled both plates TSA media. For each plate, a quadrant was assigned to the positive control, negative control, and two antiseptic solutions. Hockey sticks were used to disperse 75 E. coli into plates. The selected antibiotic disk was inserted into the quadrant. In quadrants, antiseptics were distributed on 1-4. To disinfect a pair of tweezers, they were dipped into ethanol. Tweezers were used to pick up a sterile filter disk after the ethanol dried. The quadrant labeled "negative control" had a filter disk that hadn’t been treated. The tweezers were put through another round of ethanol sterilization before setting a prepared disk on the "positive control" area. References Culture Media - Classification, Types and FAQs. (n.d.). BYJUS. https://byjus.com/biology/classification-of-culture-media/ Gherman, C., & Ciocan, R. (n.d.). ASEPSIS AND ANTISEPSIS. https://abilitatipracticecluj.ro/pdf/eng/Chir_eng_01_Asepsis_and_antisepsis.pdf Microbiology Society. (2019). What is Microbiology? Microbiologysociety.org. https://microbiologysociety.org/why-microbiology-matters/what-is-microbiology.html Silva, J. T., & López-Medrano, F. (2021). Cefiderocol, a new antibiotic against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia, 34 Suppl 1(Suppl1), 41–43. https://doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.12.2021

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