Sodium carbonate

The sodium carbonate was added in this experiment is because it separates the hydroxyl group’s hydrogen atom from the oxygen on PABA. The O- on sodium carbonate attacks the hydrogen on the hydroxyl group of PABA, thus making the sodium carbonate a hydroxyl group. Meanwhile, the initial hydroxyl group on PABA becomes O-. This reaction makes the oxygen atom on PABA polar. The reason to make the oxygen on PABA polar is to make it dissolve in water, because water is polar, and polar likes polar; thus

precisely two grams of precipitate from a reaction has been determined. 4 grams of water was added to the 2.94 grams of Calcium Chloride, and 10 grams of water was added to the 2.12 grams of Sodium Carbonate in an attempt to create two grams of precipitate. The final mass of the Calcium Chloride and Sodium Carbonate was 2.037 grams, resulting in a percent error of 1.85%. The class data was not collected, therefore a class average cannot be calculated; however a percent error of only 1.85% is extremely

when the sodium hydrogen carbonate decomposed into sodium carbonate, water vapor, and carbon dioxide gas. Since the water vapor and carbon dioxide would have escaped the beaker during the reaction, sodium carbonate would have been the only remaining product in the beaker. Sodium carbonate is the product remaining in the beaker because the theoretical yield of the sodium carbonate is the closest to that of the actual yield of all of the possible products produced. The sodium carbonate produced from

anhydrous (containing no water) sodium carbonate and water. These compounds do not react, however, create a mixture. The anhydrous sodium carbonate is the solute in this experiment, as it is being dissolved into the water. Anhydrous sodium carbonate can absorb varying amounts of water, therefore forming disparate hydrates, with predominantly similar characteristics. When one water molecule is absorbed per sodium carbonate atom, the substance produced is sodium carbonate monohydrate. This compound has

Forensic Osteology of Child Abuse By: Heather Hogue ANTH328-101 11/26/2016 In my paper, I will explain forensic osteology and how it helps determine child abuse. I will also explain different cultures and situations where child abuse cases take place. I will describe where child abuse has taken place even in ancient times. Lastly, I will explain the challenges of forensic osteology in determining child abuse, what could be mistaken for it, and how it’s properly analyzed. My first article

Potassium and Sodium Carbonates from wood ash. Wood ash contains a mixture of various minerals and compounds that are combined in a heterogeneous mixture. This mixture of minerals contains the wanted Potassium and Sodium Carbonates, and the students will conduct various purification processes in order to extract the Potassium and Sodium Carbonates. This lab experiment also demonstrates the difficulties our ancestors had when extracting these Carbonates. The principle behind how the carbonates can be purified

surface, the plant converts trona ore to soda ash. They use a multi step cleaning process. The trona ore is first crushed and screened to prepare for processing. A kiln heats the crushed trona to drive off gases. This process changes ore to sodium carbonate. It is combined with water and filtered to remove pollution. The water is taken out, which forms a soda ash crystal slurry. Than it is put into a machine to remove the rest of the water. Then they are sent to round dryers. The dried product is

this experiment. Sodium benzoate is also an important substance involved in the separation process. The separation technique used to extract the different compounds of a heterogeneous mixture is based on solubility and density. Regarding naphthalene and benzoic acid, their chemical properties differ from one another (Separation 1). The detailed separation process of naphthalene and benzoic acid, found in a mixture, follows. First of, when mixed together, benzoic acid and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

In this lab experiment, an unknown metal carbonate went through a chemical reaction with 1.0 M barium chloride, forming products of barium carbonate and an alkali metal chloride. The unknown alkali metal carbonate also went through a chemical reaction with 1 M hydrochloric acid, forming an alkali metal chloride, with liquid water, and carbon dioxide gas as products. A final flame test was done to reveal what the unknown alkali metal was. Once all molar masses were calculated, the masses were extremely

How could the student whose report you received have improved his or her lab report? Report 3 could have been improved by talking about what sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate is in the introduction as well as removing the lists under Materials and Methods. The Materials and Methods should always be in sentence form in the past tense. Also more than two trials should have been done because replication is very important to scientific experiments. This ensures that there are no outliers in the