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Add labels to the figure that follows, which illustrates the product and reactants of photosynthesis and the relationship between its light reactions and light-independent reactions.
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To label:
The given figure, which illustrates the product and reactants of photosynthesis and the relation between its light reaction and light-independent reactions.
Introduction:
Photosynthesis is a phenomenon that changes solar energy to chemical energy needed by all living organisms. Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts that found in the green part mainly in leaves of the plants.
Explanation of Solution
Photosynthesis can be broken down into two steps - light reaction and light-independent reaction.
Light reaction - Light reaction occurs when there is sunlight. Sunlight hits the chlorophyll molecule in the thylakoid membranes that excites electrons. These electrons are captured and passed through an electron transport chain that generates the energy-carrying molecules ATP. The electrons then transfer to the molecule NADPH. The electrons removed from chlorophyll in this way are replaced by those from water, which decompose to release them, a reaction that produces oxygen as a waste product.
Light-independent reaction - The ATP and the electrons in NADPH are utilized in the synthesis of sugar from CO2 in the second major step of photosynthesis called light-independent reactions. It occurs mainly in the stroma of the chloroplast and is sometimes referred to as the Calvin cycle.
The following labeled figure shows the products and reactants and the relation between its light-independent reaction and light reaction.
Fig:
The process of photosynthesis.
Thus, photosynthesis happens in two steps - light reaction and light-independent reaction.
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Biology: Science for Life with Physiology (6th Edition) (Belk, Border & Maier, The Biology: Science for Life Series, 5th Edition)
- Outline (LIST) the path of one electron during the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis. Starting by naming the source of the electron, the electron path from one molecule or site to another, finally reaching the final electron acceptor. You may use arrows to signify the path of the electron.arrow_forwardDRAW a curved arrow mechanism for photosynthesis with the following steps. Step 1: Absorption of sunlight and excitation of chlorophyll molecules Step 2: Transfer of energy to reaction center chlorophylls, which lose an electron and become oxidized. Step 3: Electron transfer from oxidized chlorophylls to an electron acceptor, such as a quinone molecule Step 4: Electron transfer from the quinone molecule to a chain of electron carriers, such as cytochromes, which generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane Step 5: ATP synthesis by ATP synthase using the energy of the proton gradient. Step 6: Transfer of electrons from the electron carriers to the enzyme rubisco, which catalyzes the carboxylation of ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) with CO2, forming an unstable 6-carbon intermediate. Step 7: Cleavage of the 6-carbon intermediate into two 3-carbon molecules, which are phosphorylated by ATP and reduced by NADPH to form glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) Step 8: Conversion of G3P to…arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis is NOT true? Chlorophyll and other pigments absorb light energy, which excites electrons ATP is generated by photophosphorylation Electrons from water are given to the chlorophyll molecules of Photosystem! The splitting of water molecules provides a source of electronsarrow_forward
- What is the overall outcome of the light reactions in photosynthesis? NADPH and ATP molecules are produced during the light reactions and are used to power the light independent reactions. NADPH and ATP molecules are produced during the light reactions, which are used to power the light dependent reactions. Sugar and ATP are produced during the light reactions, which are used to power the light independent reactions. Carbon dioxide and NADPH are produced during the light reactions, which are used to power the light dependent reactions.arrow_forwardIn photosynthesis, which of the following is NOT true about the light-dependent (“light”) reaction? In photosynthesis, which of the following is NOT true about the light-dependent (“light”) reaction? Glucose is synthesized from CO2 and water during the light-dependent reaction The light-dependent reaction converts light energy to chemical energy stored in ATP The light-dependent reaction (non-cyclic) captures electrons in NADPH Light-excited electrons in chlorophyll provide the energy for ATP production None of the other four answers (All are true of the light-dependent reaction)arrow_forwardAdjusting the wavelength of light and increasing the temperature can increase the rate of photosynthesis. Using specifics, describe in detail the effect of wavelength and temperature on photosynthesis and why or how these 2 factors affect the creation of the molecules used in or produced by photosynthesis.arrow_forward
- Place the following steps of the Light-Reactions of Photosynthesis in order. Production of NADPH Absorption of light Electron transport chain & Production of ATP Photosystem II Photosystem Iarrow_forwardStudents are preforming an experiment to study the role of light in photosynthesis. They place an Elodea plant into a large test tube with water and assemble a volumeter using a cork and calibrated glass tubing. Then, the apparatus is placed near a lamp. Soon after, the water level in the tubing begins to move upward. Why does the edge of the water move upward?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis are correct? 1. Absorption of light does one thing: it makes chlorophyll easier to oxidize. 2. In PSII, the rate of damage to the D1 protein can never exceeds the rate of repair. 3. Electron transport is spontaneous (exergonic) as electrons move from P680* to P700+. 4. Compared to anoxygenic photosynthesis, in oxygenic photosynthesis less light needs to be absorbed to reduce NADP+. A. 1,2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1,2,3 and 4 are correctarrow_forward
- Photosystems are essential to the light reactions. Which of the following is true about photosystems? * Photosystems are embedded within membranes, across which they create a proton gradient. Photosystems work together to absorb light over a larger surface area than could be possible from just one pigment molecule working alone. O Photosystems are composed of proteins and pigment molecules. All of the abovearrow_forwardOutline the process of light dependent reactions capturing and converting light energy for photosynthesis.arrow_forwardCompare the light-dependent reaction with the light-independent reaction. Type of Reaction Description Location in Chloroplast Light-dependent Light-independentarrow_forward
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