Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337613316
Author: Frederick J Gravetter, Lori-Ann B. Forzano
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11.4, Problem 7LO
Describe three specific applications of the factorial design: (1) adding a factor to an existing study; (2) using a participant variable as a second factor to control the variance in a between-subjects design; and (3) using the order of treatments as a second factor to evaluate the order effects in a within-subjects design; explain the advantage of using a factorial design in these situations.
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What does an A X B interaction mean in a two - way ANOVA?
A. The affect of factor A depends on the level of factor B
B. The main effects for Factors A and B must be short of significance
C. There must be significant main effects for Factors A and B
D. If there are significant main effects, they must be interpreted first before interpreting the interaction
W. Thomas Boyce, a professor and pediatrician at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, has studied interactions between individual differences in physiology and differences in experience in determining health and well-being. Dr. Boyce found that some children are more sensitive to their environments. They do exceptionally well when the environment is supportive but are much more likely to have mental and physical health problems when the environment has challenges.
You decide to do a similar study, conducting a factorial experiment to test the effectiveness of one environmental factor and one physiological factor on a physical health outcome. As the environmental factor, you choose two levels of stressful life events. As the physiological factor, you choose three levels of immune reactivity. The outcome is number of respiratory illnesses in the previous 12 months, and the research participants are kindergartners.
Attractiveness of body types has been a large discussion relating to effects on youth and culture. Unhealthy levels of BMI are often associated with beauty. A researcher decided to study how young heterosexual adults body type preferences related to BMI. Participants were asked to use a computer program to design their desired partner. The program then calculated the BMI of the designed partners. The table summarizes the results based on a SRS of 35 men and 48 women.
BMI designed by men
n=35
x-bar=18.850
stdev=1.750
SE Mean 0.277
BMI designed by women
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x-bar=25.860
stdev=4.215
SE Mean 0.625
Use this information to conduct a test to decide if male and/or female body type preferences are associated with healthy BMI measurements. You should have two complete tests here. You may assume the populations are normally distributed.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 11.1 - Define a factorial research design, including the...Ch. 11.2 - Define a main effect for one factor and an...Ch. 11.2 - Explain how the existence of an interaction can...Ch. 11.2 - Describe and explain the independent relationship...Ch. 11.3 - Explain how a factorial study can combine...Ch. 11.3 - Identify the statistical analyses that are...Ch. 11.4 - Describe three specific applications of the...Ch. 11 - In addition to the key words, you should also be...Ch. 11 - In a classic study, Shrauger (1972) examined the...Ch. 11 - Suppose a researcher conducts a two-factor study...
Ch. 11 - The following matrix represents the results (the...Ch. 11 - The following data show the pattern of results...Ch. 11 - Explain why the main effects in a factorial study...Ch. 11 - Explain what is meant by the concept that main...Ch. 11 - In Figure 11.5, we show three combinations of main...Ch. 11 - For a two-factor research study with two levels...Ch. 11 - A researcher would like to use a factorial study...Ch. 11 - A two-factor analysis of variance is used to...Ch. 11 - A researcher has demonstrated that a new...
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- What variable of this study could have been controlled?arrow_forward1) What is the difference between a survey / study and an experiment? 2)Why is it important to control or eliminate bias? 3)Define each of the following: explanatory variable response variable placebo treatment group control group 4)What is the difference between a population and a sample? 5) List the types of graphs that are appropriate to use with categorical or quantitative data: Categorical: Quantitative: 6)Determine whether the question below would be answered by conducting a study or an experiment, then describe an appropriate method of data collections based on your answer. (This is not an easy question, so be creative with your methods of discovery!) Question: Do teenagers see the result of breaking a rule as a consequence or a punishment?arrow_forwardThis case study looks at the introduction of a pet therapy program. The evaluator looks at a number of variables including patient age, gender, and length of stay in the rehabilitation unit. The evaluator did not look at the type of injury or the type of therapy the patient was receiving. This study found no statistically significant relationship between the number of pet visits and satisfaction with the pet therapy project. What does this mean for the evaluation?arrow_forward
- This case study looks at the introduction of a pet therapy program. The evaluator looks at a number of variables including patient age, gender, and length of stay in the rehabilitation unit. The evaluator did not look at the type of injury or the type of therapy the patient was receiving. This study found no statistically significant relationship between the number of pet visits and satisfaction with the pet therapy project. Suppose there was a statistically significant difference between number of visits and satisfaction. What would this mean for the evaluation of the pet therapy program?arrow_forwardThe results from a two-factor analysis of variance show a significant main effect for factor A and a significant main effect for factor B. Based on this information, what can you conclude about the interaction? a. There probably is a significant interaction b. The interaction cannot be significant c. There must be a significant interaction d. You cannot make any conclusion about the significance of the interactionarrow_forwardA sports psychologist was interested in the effects of a six-week imagery intervention on an athlete's ability to execute a sport-specific skills such penalty taking in football. How mightyou define the imagery intervention variable?arrow_forward
- A researcher collects data from a sample of children with Crohn's disease and then compares that data to data collected from a sample of children without the disease. What type of study design is the researcher using for this study? Cohort Cross-sectional Quasi-experimental Case-Controlarrow_forwardWhat is a confounding variable in research, and how can it affect the results of a study? Provide an example of a confounding variable in a hypothetical study.arrow_forward
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