Why is it disadvantageous for single-celled eukaryotes such as yeast to undergo apoptosis?
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Q: What is apoptosis and how is it regulated?
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Why is it disadvantageous for single-celled eukaryotes such as yeast to undergo apoptosis?
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- What are CDKs? How do they contribute to cell division? Explain.What is apoptosis? Explain cell signaling pathways that triggers it.How does p53 induce apoptosis? How does the cell determine what "too much" damage is? Meaning, how can it tell if the damage to the DNA is too severe to fix in order for the cell to move on to S phase? Thank you.
- Which of the following is an inhibitor of apoptosis? Question 3 options: a) Caspase b) cytochrome c c) Bcl-2 family d) p53The cell cycle control system is a cycling set of molecules in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle. This is all controlled by growth factors. a) Identify the major checkpoints in a cell and its function. b)Explain the role of the growth factor.Which phases of the cell cycle is generally the longest in the cells of a mature eukaryote? What steps make it longest phase?
- Explain why we can say that M-phase of the cell-cycle is triggered by a positive feedback loop. a) What would the consequences be if cohesins were working normally but condensins were not? and b) what stage of the cell cycle would this cause problems in? Why is it important for the centrosome to duplicate during G1-G2 (interphase) before M phase? The kinetochores serve as a link between the sister chromatids and the microtubules attached to the mitotic spindle. a) How are microtubules still able to exhibit dynamic instability after they are bound to the sister chromatids and b) why is this important to mitosis? As the name suggests, the Anaphase-promoting-complex (APC), promotes the 4th phase of mitosis by separating the sister chromatids so they can travel to separate poles of the cell, and prevents them from being re-zipped together. Describe how APC does these two things (Hint: one involves M-cyclin and the other involves…What cellular mechanism(s) ensure that passage through the cell cycle is unidirectional and irreversible? What molecular machinery underlies these mechanism(s)?You are studying the function of Bax as a positive regulator of apoptosis. You've engineered a version of the Bax protein that is functional, but is mislocalized to the plasma membrane rather than the mitochondria. You expect that this will block the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. When you activate the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, you are surprised to find that the cells still die. You then do a cell fractionation experiment and verify that Bax is. indeed being sent to the plasma membrane, rather than the mitochondria. In one sentence, what is the most likely hypothesis for what is happening?
- Which of the following is true with respect to cyclins and CDKs? A) CDKs promote progression of the cell cycle, cyclins function to inhibit progression of the cell cycle B) CDKs are the checkpoints in the cell cycle, and when bound to cyclins, they stop progression of the cell cycle C) CDKs will only work to promote progression of the cell cycle when complexed with their designated cyclins D) CDKs are rarely expressed during a cell's cycle, unless cyclins are present to act as transcription factors .Question 1) which cytoskeleton supports the cilia in moving mucous laden with foreign particles? Question 2) What will happen in a cell if the DNA ligase gene is mutated Question 3) Describe how is prophase mitosis different from prophase of meiosis I? Question 4) What happens to acetylcholine after it evoked activation of nicotinic acteylcholine receptors in the neuromusclar function?What are CDKs? How do they contribute to cell division