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Q: Why can’t an individual with Parkinson’s disease be given dopamine to relieve his symptoms?
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Q: What is the function of serotonin?
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Q: What is a synapse, and what role does it play in nerve transmission?
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Q: antipsychotic drugs
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Q: Which of the following best explains one of the ways we know the Dopamine Hypothesis of…
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Why are the effects of antipsychotic drugs equally compatible with the dopamine hypothesis and the glutamate hypothesis?
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- Which of the following best explains one of the ways we know the Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia isn’t entirely true? Patients with schizophrenia have the same number of dopamine receptors as others Medications affecting dopamine only treat the positive symptoms of schizophrenia Medications affecting dopamine receptors aren’t effective in any schizophrenic patients Medications affecting dopamine receptors have bad side effectsSerotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine are a group of neurotransmitters collectively called monoamines. A lack of these monoamines has been linked to depression. Depression is treated with dru that prolong the effect of these neurotransmitters either by preventing the re-uptake of the neurotransmitters, or by inhibiting the enzyme that breaks down these neurotransmitters. Which of the following statements about neurotransmitters'are true? The table lists the classifications of three antidepressants. Antidepressant Classification fluoxetine selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) phenelzine monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor amitriptyline tricyclic antidepressant Check all that apply. View Available Hint(s) MAO inhibitors are examples of monoamine antagonists. EFluoxetine inhibits the enzyme that breaks down monoamines. ODopamine plays a role in feelings of pleasure and pain. DA deficiency of serotonin norepinephrine, and dopamine is associated with depression. Some drug…The behaviours associated with cocaine use mimic some of the symptoms of schizophrenia because: Question 53 options: a) Cocaine increases serotonergic transmission in the prefrontal cortex b) Cocaine increases dopamine binding at D2 receptors in the mesocortical tract c) Cocaine increases the reuptake of serotonin in the tuberoinfundibular tract d) Cocaine decreases dopamine binding at D2 receptors in the nigrostriatal tract
- What do you think are its potential benefits of optogenetics to treat bipolar disorder? What concerns do you have about its use in treating bipolar disorder? On the whole, do you think the benefits outweigh the risks, and will this help us to better understand bipolar disorder? Please explain.A benzodiazepine such as Valium inhibits seizures through what action? A) Inhibiting Dopamine Receptors B) Decreasing the amount of Glutamate C) Increasing Norepinephrine Stimulation D) Increasing GABA ActionWhy might drugs that work upon dopamine receptors might also work upon norepinephrine receptors, as well? What concept does this illustrate?
- What is the mechanism by which antipsychotics work?Name three families of drugs used to treat depression.Imagine that a new type of psychoactive drug has been developed in a laboratory. It works by slowing the reuptake of dopamine in some brain circuits, increasing the amount of dopamine in the synapse. It also blocks serotonin binding in other brain circuits. Based on only this information, you can conclude that this new psychoactive drug is a: dopamine and serotonin antagonist. dopamine antagonist and serotonin agonist. dopamine and serotonin agonist. dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist.
- Typical antipsychotic drugs exert their therapeutic effects on the positive symptoms of schizophrenia by which of the following mechanisms? Question 49 options: a) Blocking the reuptake of dopamine, increasing the amount of dopamine in the synapse b) Stimulating dopamine D1 receptors in the prefrontal cortex c) Binding to dopamine D2 receptors and inhibiting dopamine signalling d) Decreasing the production of dopamine in the basal gangliaSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs that can alleviate symptoms of depression by blocking the reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) from the synaptic cleft, thereby increasing the amount of time that 5-HT remains active. Elevated levels of 5-HT within the synapse are associated with feelings of well-being; conversely, low levels of 5-HT are correlated with depressive symptoms. Recent studies have shown that SSRIs can also mediate their antidepressant effects by increasing brain levels of certain cytokines, including interferon gamma (IFNY). IFNY directly induces the expression of the protein p11 in neighboring neurons, which then interacts with 5-HTR4, a 5-HT transmembrane receptor. Figures 1 and 2 provide information about this interaction. 5-HTR4 protein (% of WT) expression CAMP levels (% change control) from 120T 100+ 80+ 60+ 40+ 20+ 0 MEM TOT Figure 1 5-HTR4 protein expression in plasma membrane-enriched fraction (MEM) of hippocampal lysate and in total hippocampal…Reserpine is a drug that can control high blood pressure by reducing the number of catecholamine neurotransmitters present in the synapse. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine are examples of catecholamine neurotransmitters. One of the known side effects of reserpine is to cause the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson's disease is associated with dopamine. Parkinson's disease occurs when the nerve cells in the part of the brain that controls muscle movement are gradually destroyed and the neurons can no longer produce dopamine to coordinate muscle movements. Reserpine causes symptoms by a. inhibiting the release of dopamine from the presynaptic neuron b. blocking the dopamine receptor in the postsynaptic neuron c. breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the synapse d. breaking down cholinesterase enzyme in the synapse