Why are pharmacological tests being performed in invertebrate and/or cold blooded vertebrates despite the anatomy and physiology is far from humans?
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Why are pharmacological tests being performed in invertebrate and/or cold blooded vertebrates despite the anatomy and physiology is far from humans?
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- Why is it important to complete morphological and cultural characterizations before pursuing physiological testing?Why won’t in vitro results necessarily ensure clinical success"out Document1 - Word References Mailings 1. Search Review View Help Answer the questions A) What is the most common anesthetic to use in animals for induction under anesthesia? B) What are the side effects of using Propofol in animals? C) How and with what will the animal be "scrubbed" after it is under anesthesia and ready for the doctor? D) What is the purpose of SPO2 and where is it put in the animal? E) What is the purpose of the ECG and where are they placed on the animal?
- Why should clinical trials reflect the diversity of the American population?Miracle Mineral Solution (MMS) can cure AIDS, Ebola, cancer, and malaria. Or at least that the website tells potential customers. The inventor and chief advocate of the products is Jim Humble. There is little evidence to support the fact that MMS does anything to patients aside from making them feel worse than they did before they tried it. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is typical in its conclusions about the so-called miracle drug. The FDA is typical in its conclusions about the so-called miracle drug. The FDA identifies it as 28 percent sodium chlorite, which , when mixed with an acid (as recommended), produces a potent form of bleach. The product’s labels suggest high oral doses for the minimum effect. The FDA states the oral doses will produce nothing but nausea, vomiting, dehydration, and diarrhea. Humble claims to have “treated” 100,000 patients in Mexico and other parts of the world. It is also clear that MMS has been used on pancreatic and lung cancer patients…The following are words used in animal testing and its alternative methods. Define the following terms - a. Vivisection b. Optogenics c. In vivo d. In vitro cell culture e. In silico computer simulation f. Pharmacokinetics g. Pharmacodynamics h. Tissue culture i. Phototoxicity j. 3D cell cultures
- Which of this is a limitation associated with conventional drug delivery systems? CHOICES: Lower effectiveness Ease of manufacturing Decreased side effects Spatial and temporal control Most of the recently developed biotechnological drugs are formulated into which dosage form? CHOICES: inhalation solutions parenteral capsules tablets topical The absorption of the ophthalmic drug does not depend on which of the following? CHOICES: Physicochemical properties of the permeating molecule Drainage of tears Output of tears Size of the eyeball Liposomal dosage forms are suited for which of the following routes of administration? (choose all that applies) CHOICES: parenteral topical oral None of the aboveWhen researchers at the Best Southern University tested the Drug X (from a commercial source), it failed to lower blood cholesterol levels in mice. They emailed Dr. Meg A'Brain for some clarifications about the conditions of the Drug X administration; specifically, they wanted to know: Amount of Drug X administered Duration of administration Age, gender and number of mice Method of administration (mixed with food or in water, i.v. or i.p. injected) Dr. Meg A'Brain said, "Of course, please see attached publication from my lab" and attached the paper Dolt Colt & Meg A'Brain, Journal of Irreproducible Results (2018), 666, 1234-1240 Here is the information from the Methods section of the paper. Drug X was dissolved in DMSO and administered to male mice for 7 days. After 7 days, blood was withdrawn from the tail vein and cholesterol levels measured using a kit. The drug was administered for 7 days. What is this publication lacking? Question 4 options:…What is the brand name, generic name, therapeutic category, and available dosage form of: 1. Acalka®2. Akineton®3. Aldomet®4. Andriol®5. Augmentin®
- Match the chemical mediators with their specific function: sebum oleic acid lactate cerumen antimicrobial peptides Word Banks - cause cellular damage of microorganisms - decreases the pH of the vagina - creates a slightly acidic skin surface - prevents pathogen entry into the hair follicles and sweat glands - creates acidic earwaxWhich of the following statements is true of antiviral drugs? Multiple Choice Famciclovir (Famvir) is an analog of acyclovir that is rapidly converted to acyclovir in the tissues. Valacyclovir (Valtrex) is converted to the active antiviral penciclovir. Acyclovir is designated FDA Pregnancy Category D. Acyclovir is used to treat infections of Herpes that occur after a bone marrow transplant.(a) Which of the following would best describe the reasoning of the physicians prescribing placebos in the Times article and why? Would this reasoning correspond to the principle of double effect and why? X: Prescribing a placebo Y: Alleviate patient pain Z: Deceive the patient I am doing X in order to Z, and Y results. I am doing X in order to Y, and Z results (b) To what extent are patients in the Times article giving their informed consent? As I’ve encouraged in the lecture notes, it is useful to think of informed consent in terms of the four components of autonomy enumerated in Chapter 1. Do the patients to whom these placebos are prescribed exhibit all of those components? Why or why not? (c) Would withholding information from the patients in the Times article be justified under either of the two exceptions to disclosure outlined in Canterbury v. Spence?