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Why are healthy individuals in hospitals not considered to be as much at risk for infections by these superbugs as are the unhealthy?
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- Why do ranchers have an increased risk of becoming infected withCoxiella burnetii? Who else would have a similar level of risk?Why would medication fail to cure HSV infections even though it prevents recurrent cold sores?Which of these statements about tetanus is true?a) It can start from a bee sting.b) Immunization is carried out using tiny doses of killed C. tetani.c) Those who recover from the disease are immune for life.d) Tetanus immune globulin does not prevent the disease.e) It is easy to avoid exposure to spores of the causative organism.
- Explain the means by which cats, rodents, birds, domestic animals,and people are infected with Toxoplasma gondii.Which of these statements concerning cryptococcal meningoencephalitis is true?a) It is caused by a yeast with a large capsule.b) It is a disease of trees transmissible to humans.c) It typically attacks the meninges but spares the brain.d) Person-to-person transmission commonly occurs.e) It is seen only in persons who are immunocompromised.Which of the following is NOT true of bacterial endotoxin? 1. None of the other four answers (All are true of bacterial endotoxin) 2. Can cause life-threatening drop in blood pressure (shock) 3. Composed of proteins produced by bacteria and released into surrounding environment 4. Composed of lipid A, a component of the gram-negative bacterial outer membrane 5. Stimulates macrophages to produce a substance (TNF) that damages capillaries
- How is salmonella typhi transmitted? Include ALL the mechanisms can be transmitted. indirect transmission (airborne, vehicles, vectors – what are the vehicles/vectors?) direct transmission (direct contact – how?) vertical transmission – how? horizontal transmission – how?Why might it be possible to have high abundance ofPropionibacterium acnes without developing acne vulgaris?Which characteristic of pertussis 1S incorrect? A) O there are three stages of disease B) O ciliated cells in the trachea are rendered non-functional one stage of disease produces violent coughing fits D) Oa virus is the cause of the disease E) O it can be prevented by vaccination