Which of the following statements are correct about tumor cell masses (select all that apply)? A. Stromal cells of tumor masses are generally just contaminants and play no role in tumor progression B. Most stromal cells are of mesenchymal origin C. Fibroblasts, macrophages and lymphocytes are commonly found in the stroma of tumor masses D. In Hodgkin's Lymphoma, the majority of cells in the tumor mass are neoplastic E. In carcinomas, neoplastic and stromal cells are present at similar numbers

Which of the following statements are correct about tumor cell masses (select all that apply)? A. Stromal cells of tumor masses are generally just contaminants and play no role in tumor progression B. Most stromal cells are of mesenchymal origin C. Fibroblasts, macrophages and lymphocytes are commonly found in the stroma of tumor masses D. In Hodgkin's Lymphoma, the majority of cells in the tumor mass are neoplastic E. In carcinomas, neoplastic and stromal cells are present at similar numbers

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter12: Genes And Cancer

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 21QP

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Which of the following statements are correct about tumors and metastasis (select all that apply)? A. The majority of cancer deaths are due to primary tumor B. Loss of basement membrane by tumor mass is strong predictor of metastasis potential C. The tissue stroma contributes to whether a tumor cell will metastasize D. The majority of life threatening tumors occur in epithelial tissues E. The tendency of a primary tumor to metastasize is similar across different tissue types
Which of the following statements are correct about the ability of cancer cells to form a secondary tumor at a site distant from the primary tumor (select all that apply)? A. Is possessed by majority of cells in a tumor B. Most micrometasases fail to become secondary tumor C. Usually occurs prior to establishment of micrometatstases D. Ability is acquired along with ability to move through circulation E. Is often acquired after micrometastases have been estabilished
Which of the following factors contributes to angiogenesis as a result of a tumor growth? Select all that apply: a. Increasing tumor's access to oxygen and nutrients b. Increasing tumor's ability for growth, invasion, and metastasis c. Increasing expression of proto-oncogenes for cancer cells d. Increasing expression of tumor-suppressor genes for cancer cells
Cancer cells have a complex interaction with the cells of the immune system that are present in the stroma. The immune cells have the potential to destroy the tumor if it is recognized as aberrant tissue. Which one of the following statements correctly describes an interaction between cancer cells and the immune cells of the stroma? A. Tumors stimulate formation of new blood vessels—angiogenesis—promoting tumor survival. B. The tumor establishes an immunosuppressive environment by blocking white-cell activation. C. Tumors invoke an inflammatory reaction that blocks entry of immune cells into the stroma. D. Immune cells block tumor growth by providing signals that inhibit cancer cell proliferation.
Excessive angiogenesis and reduced apoptosis are two of the six characteristics that define cancerous tumors. Discuss how developing treatments for these two conditions might prevent the development of cancer altogether from pre-malignant tumors.
Which of the following are mechanisms by which cancer drugs work (select all that apply)? A. Inhibit activity of oncogene B. Promote apoptosis C. Promote terminal differentiation of cells D. Inhibit drug transporters E. Promote DNA damage.
Name the six fundamental properties of malignant tumours. Which of these properties are amenable to study in a cell culture model of cancer and why?
Is Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) responsible for invasion and/or metastasis of tumors? Explain.
Angiogenic switch: a. Is the sudden, dramatic change in the behavior of the small tumor masses b. Is an important step in tumor progression c. represents the ability to induce blood vessel growth at will d. All of the above
What types of observations allow a pathologist to identify the tissue of origin of a tumor? Why are certain tumors difficult to assign a specific tissue of origin? What is the importance of assigning a specific tissue of origin?
A child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of Wilms tumor, stage II. Which of the following statements most accurately describes this stage? A. The tumor is less than 3 cm. in size and requires no chemotherapy. B. The tumor did not extend beyond the kidney and was completely resected. C. The tumor extended beyond the kidney but was completely resected. D. The tumor has spread into the abdominal cavity and cannot be resected.
Explain the following statements in 4-6 lines each: Premalignant (hyperplastic or dysplastic) cells are probably present in the organs of the body of a normal (not suffering from cancer) person.

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	A.	Stromal cells of tumor masses are generally just contaminants and play no role in tumor progression
	B.	Most stromal cells are of mesenchymal origin
	C.	Fibroblasts, macrophages and lymphocytes are commonly found in the stroma of tumor masses
	D.	In Hodgkin's Lymphoma, the majority of cells in the tumor mass are neoplastic
	E.	In carcinomas, neoplastic and stromal cells are present at similar numbers