Which of the following make up the adaptive immune system? [Select all the correct answers.] O Prosecutorial Immunity O Innate Immunity O Survivor Immunity O Humoral Immunity O Cell-Mediated Immunity
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![Which of the following make up the adaptive immune system? [Select all the correct answers.]
O Prosecutorial Immunity
O Innate Immunity
O Survivor Immunity
O Humoral Immunity
O Cell-Mediated Immunity](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F17885dbd-a017-4754-b4be-f0580293856f%2Fe16efce6-6efe-4879-b78d-5b734205c9c3%2Fkeyxem_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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- In some viral infections, interferons, which are hydrophilic, are secreted by some white blood cells. These bind nearby cells causing uninfected cells to produce protective antiviral proteins. Based on this information, what type of signaling molecule are interferons? - Autocrine - Hormonal - Neural - Paracrine - NeurohormoneThe inflammatory response is an important innate immune system response. Which of the following is not directly involved in an inflammatory response? O Dilation of blood vessels Tissue repair O Migration of phagocytes O Antibody formation Question 2 MacBook Air F10 F11 F8 esc F3 # 2$ % & * @ del 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 T O P Q W E R KWhy is innate immunity referred to as nonspecific? Group of answer choices because it provides defense against a wide range of pathogens because it is a form of defense that functions in all human body systems because it is a form of defense found in all animal species because it provides a built-in mechanism of defense that does not require "training"
- Ingestion of complement-tagged pathogens by phagocytes is mediated by receptors for the bound complement proteins. Even when the complement cascade fails to proceed beyond generating the C3 convertase, complement activation is effective at inducing pathogen uptake and destruction. This process of immune protection is mediated by: Activation of complement inhibitory receptors on phagocytes that promote pathogen uptake Activation of soluble proteases in the serum that disrupt pathogen membranes Engagement of complement receptors on phagocytes by C3b and its cleavage products which promotes phagocytosis Engagement of complement receptors on B cells that promotes antibody production Stimulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion by phagocytesThe defenses created by physical barriers are often supported by chemical barriers (and vis versa), in the innate immune response, as a way to target the normal living conditions of foreign invaders. This may include an acidic environment, a nutrient deprived environment, or sequestering/ blocking an organism into a certain location in the body. True FalseThe classic inflammatory response (heat, swelling, redness, pain) reflects the communication of innate and adaptive defenses. Which of the following is not correct about this response? Group of answer choices Non-cytopathic viruses stimulate the inflammatory response Adjuvants stimulate inflammation and therefore a good antibody response Dendritic cells link the innate and adaptive responses Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a major inducer of inflammation Increased blood flow is one result of inflammation
- Neutralizing antibodies are effective at preventing infection or toxicity mediated by pathogens or their toxic products. In fact, nearly all vaccines currently in use function by eliciting neutralizing antibodies. One example is the tetanus vaccine, in which neutralizing antibodies are generated against an inactivated form of the tetanus toxin (the tetanus toxoid). The most important feature of a neutralizing antibody is having high affinity for the antigen. being efficient at activating the complement cascade. having a high degree of multivalency, such as being a pentamer or hexamer of immunoglobulin monomers. being present at a high concentration in the circulation. 0 0 0 0Tumor Necrosis Factor : they are lymphocytes arise from the lymphoid organs(bone and thymus) but they are part of innate immunity because they don't havespecific diversity as do T cells or B. they recognize class I MHC molecules expressedon all healthy cells and they are front-line effector cells that can rapidly react againststressed or infected or DNA damage cells. * True FalseYou can choose one or more than one option Antibodies: IMMUNOLOGY basic have two identical antigen-binding sites. consist of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. are secreted by plasma cells are produced by T lymphocytes during adaptive immune response can bind their constant heavy chain region to phagocytes Which of the following proteins are transmembrane proteins? CELL BIOLOGY basic integrin oestrogen receptor phospholipase C adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase growth factor receptor What are the correct statements? MOLECULAR BIOLOGY advanced A mutation located within a promoter can change the gene expression. An mRNA can be differentially spliced according to the tissue. RNA transcribed by the RNA polymerase II are translated The end of the transcription process requires a specific DNA sequence A reverse transcriptase can polymerise either a DNA or an RNA strand. Which of the following cells kill other cells by exocytosis of…
- Which of the following statements are TRUE about the process of inflammation? (Select all that apply) Inflammation can occur with only the innate immune response involved. Leukocytes or white blood cells are found everywhere in the body to carry out inflammation as needed Growth factor from non-skin cells is responsible for the formation of scar tissue in place of the damaged skin cells The increase of warmed blood to a site of injury comes from the hypothalamus Phagocytes engulf invading microbes and dead white blood cells Phagocytosis is used during inflammation to make sure there is no debrisWhy is innate immunity referred to as nonspecific? because it is a form of defense found in all animal species because it provides defense against a wide range of pathogens because it is a form of defense that functions in all human body systems because it provides a built-in mechanism of defense that does not require "training"Cells called histiocytes are specialized phagocytes which remain within certain tissues. O 1) True O 2) False