Which of the following conditions promote the synthesis of ATP through the electron transport chain? A.proton pump from outer mitochondrial membrane to inner mitochondrial membrane B. proton pump from matrix to inner mitochondrial membrane C. proton pump from inner mitochondrial membrane to outer mitochondrial membrane D. proton pump from inner mitochondrial membrane to matrix

Which of the following conditions promote the synthesis of ATP through the electron transport chain? A.proton pump from outer mitochondrial membrane to inner mitochondrial membrane B. proton pump from matrix to inner mitochondrial membrane C. proton pump from inner mitochondrial membrane to outer mitochondrial membrane D. proton pump from inner mitochondrial membrane to matrix

Concepts of Biology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168116

Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Publisher:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Chapter4: How Cells Obtain Energy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2ACQ: Figure 4.15 Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, a component of the electron transport chain. If...

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Which of the following statements concerning ATP synthesis in mitochondria is FALSE? a. interruption of the flow of electrons from NADH to oxygen would decrease ATP synthesis b. making the inner mitochondrial membrane permeable to H+ would decrease ATP synthesis c. the energy liberated by the electron-transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into the IM-space d. the movement of H+ through a special channel enzyme (synthase) results in ATP synthesis e. when protons move from the matrix to the IM-space, ATP is made from ADP + Pi
Which of the following statements about the generation of ATP in the electron transport chain is correct? a. The generation of ATP from ADP coupled to electron transfer occurs by substrate level phosphorylation as in glycolysis. b. ATP synthase generation of ATP involves a rotating structure inside the inner mitochondrial membrane. c. ATP synthase generation of ATP involves a rotating structure outside the inner mitochondrial membrane. d. Electron transport generates a proton gradient across the outer mitochondrial membrane.
In the 1930s, some physicians prescribed low doses of a compound called dinitrophenol (DNP) to help patients lose weight. This unsafe method was abandoned after some patients died. DNP uncouples the chemiosmotic machinery by making the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+ . Explain how this could cause weight loss and death.
Which of the following statements describes the end step for the electron transport chain? A. H+ ions flow down the gradient to generate ATP B. electrons are transferred to NADH and FADH2 for chemiosmosis C. electrons are transferred to oxygen, causing it to split and take up H+ ions, which form water D. H+ are pumped across the inner membrane of mitochondria to establish an electrochemical gradient
Uncoupling agents are proteins spanning the inner mitochondrial membrane that allow protons to pass through the membrane and bypass the channel of ATP synthase. Describe the consequences to the proton gradient and ATP production.?
When hydrogen ions are pumped across the inner membrane into the intermembrane space, this results in a. restoration of the Na+/K+ balance across the membrane b. creation of a proton- motive force c. reduction of NAD+ d. direct formation of ATP e. lowering of pH in the mitochondrial matrix
In the 1930s, some physicians prescribed low doses of a compound called dinitrophenol (DNP) to help patients lose weight. This unsafe method was abandoned after some patients died. DNP uncouples the chemiosmotic machinery by making the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+. Chemical agents that cause this effect are called uncouplers. Explain how this could cause weight loss and also death. Considering the danger, is there any use for compounds like DNP or other uncouplers?
which of the following woudl decrease the number of atp molecules generated per nadh molecule in the electron transport chain? a. increasing the energy of the electrons nadh transfer to complex I b. reducing the number of protons required by ATP synthase to produce an ATP moelcule c. having nadh transfer its elections to complex III instead of complex I d. increasing the amount of oxygen available to the cell
There are some drugs that can inhibit the activity of ATP synthase. How does this affect the pH of the inner membrane space and the mitochondrial matrix?
Figure 7.11 Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an "uncoupler" that makes the inner mitochondrial membrane "leaky" to protons. It was used until 1938 as a weight- loss drug. What effect would you expect DNP to have on the change in pH across the inner mitochondrial membrane? Why do you think this might be an effective weight-loss drug? Intermembrane space Mitochondrial matrix ATP Synthase ADP Inner mitochondrial membrane ATP Figure 7.11 ATP synthase is a complex, molecular machine that uses a proton (H) gradient to form ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi). (Credit: modification of work by Klaus Hoffmeier)
Which of the following statements is true? A. The NADH dehydrogenase complex can pump more protons than can the cytochrome b-c1 complex. B. The pH in the mitochondrial matrix is higher than the pH in the intermembrane space. C. The proton concentration gradient and the membrane potential across the inner mitochondrial membrane tend to work against each other in driving protons from the intermembrane space into the matrix. D. The difference in proton concentration across the inner mitochondrial membrane has a much larger effect than the membrane potential on the total proton-motive force.
Energy-consuming active transport is used to move protons in all of the following directions except: A. from the mitochondrial matrix, across the mitochondrial cristae, into the intermembrane space B. from the extracellular fluid, across the plasma membrane, into the Halobacterium halobium cytosol C. from the cytosol of plant cells, across the vacuolar membrane, into the central vacuole D. from the cytosol of skeletal muscle cells, across the plasma membrane, into the extracellular fluid E. from the chloroplast stroma, across the thylakoid membrane, into the thylakoid space