Which equation should be used to estimate GFR when staging CKD? Which lab value is used to stage severity of AKI? What do you need to look for in a patient's laboratory records to see if they have acute-on-chronic renal injury
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Which equation should be used to estimate GFR when staging CKD?
Which lab value is used to stage severity of AKI?
What do you need to look for in a patient's laboratory records to see if they have acute-on-chronic renal injury?
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- In reviewing the patient’s current information, a concern exists that acute kidney injury has developed. Select to highlight the laboratory information that would support this concern.UrinalysisCasts - +++Cola-color to urineProteinuriaBlood ValuesRBC - 3.9 cells/L (4.0-4.9 cells/L)Hgb 10 g/dL (12-16 g/dL)Hct-40% (37%-48%)WBC 11.0 cells/L (4.0-10.0 cells/L)Platelets - 140 cells/L (150-450 cells/L)Sodium - 140 mEq/L (135-145 mEq/L)Potassium - 4.5 mEq/L (3.5-5.2 mEq/L)BUN - 32 mg/dL (5-20 mg/dL)Creatinine 1.8 mg/dL (0.5-1.5 mg/dL)Blood Glucose - 180 mg/dL (nonfasting) (<200 mg/dL)AST-40 Units/mL (5-40 Units/mL)ALT - 30 Units/mL (5-35 Units/mL)Bilirubin (total)- 0.8 mg/dL (<1.0 mg/dL)Albumin - 4.0 (3.5-5.5 g/dL)PT-22 (11.5-14 seconds)A 21 year-old man with nausea, vomiting, and jaundice has the following laboratory findings: Total serum bilirubin 8.5 mg/dL (normal 0-1.0 mg/dL) Direct serum bilirubin 6.1 mg/dL (normal 0-0.5 mg/dL) Urine urobilinogen Increased Urine bilirubin Positive AST 200 U/L (normal 0-50 m/L) ALP 160 U/L (normal 0-150 m/L) What disease state are these findings consistent with? 1) Hemolytic anemia 2) Early hepatitis 3) Chronic liver disease 4) Obstructive jaundice no references, just homeworkWhat is the patient's creatinine clearance given the following data? Serum creatinine 0.6 mg/dL Urine creatinine 102 mg/dL 24 hr urine volume 1650 mL Patient's BSA 1.93 m2 1) 195 mL/min 2) 130 mg/dL 3) 93 mL/min 4) 175 mL/min no references, just homework
- The set of results that most accurately reflects severe renal disease is: 1) Serum creatinine, 1.0mg/dL;creatinine clearance, 110 ml/min; BUN, 17mg/dL 2) Serum creatinine, 1.0mg/dL; creatinine clearance, 95 ml/min; BUN, 43 mg/dL 3) Serum creatinine, 2.0mg/dL; creatinine clearance, 120 ml/min; BUN, 14 mg/dL 4) Serum creatinine, 3.7 mg/dL; creatinine clearance, 44 ml/min; BUN, 88 mg/dLMrs. Bigda, a 60-year old woman, was brought to the hospital after falling to the pavement. You are doing the initial screening at the hospital, and note that she has suffered from nausea, fatigue, and memory loss. She has a history of chronic hypertension and diabetes. Blood testing was performed. The preliminary diagnosis provided by other members of your team was late-stage glomerulonephritis and she may have to undergo dialysis. a.) The patient asks you to help her understand the condition of glomerulonephritis. Discuss this condition with her, the possible causes and, the anatomy of the glomerulus. b.) While waiting for more results, you explain how a healthy glomerulus functions to filter her blood so, that she would not have those medical issues. Explain the important chemical differences between blood plasma and glomerular filtrate in a healthy kidney. Explain to her how the healthy structure of the filtration membrane is responsible for these differences.Describe the procedure for inserting an indwelling urinary catheter in a female patient.
- Mrs. Bigda, a 60-year old woman, was brought to the hospital after falling to the pavement. You are doing the initial screening at the hospital, and note that she has suffered from nausea, fatigue, and memory loss. She has a history of chronic hypertension and diabetes. Blood testing was performed. The preliminary diagnosis provided by other members of your team was late-stage glomerulonephritis and she may have to undergo dialysis. Inform her that improper filtration results in the accumulation of toxins in her blood, which would explain her nausea, fatigue and memory loss. What are some of those toxins? Explain to her why she will need hemodialysis to remove the toxins, and how this process works.Acute renal failure can be classified into three types. List each type and give an example of each. a. b. c.Mrs. Bigda, a 60-year old woman, was brought to the hospital after falling to the pavement. You are doing the initial screening at the hospital, and note that she has suffered from nausea, fatigue, and memory loss. She has a history of chronic hypertension and diabetes. Blood testing was performed. The preliminary diagnosis provided by other members of your team was late-stage glomerulonephritis and she may have to undergo dialysis. Explain the normal filtration process and why hypertension can complicate this process.
- A 35-year-old man (height 67 inches, weight 73.3 kg) with known chronic renal disease for 6 months has blood drawn for serum creatinine and urea tests. Urine is collected for a 24-hour quantitative creatinine test; the total volume of urine collected is 1139 mL. The following laboratory results are obtained for the testing done: Urine creatinine: 56 mg/dL Serum creatinine: 9.6 mg/dL Serum urea: 75 mg/dL Questions 1. What does an elevated serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) suggest? 2. What does an elevated creatinine suggest? 3. What is the clinical significance of the GFR and the urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio?An older client with cirrhosis of the liver and hepatic failure is place on a low sodium diet and is receiving periodic albumin infusions. Which assessment finding indicates progress toward the desired effect? Prothrombin time within normal limit Decrease abdominal grith Improved level of consciousness Clear, dark amber colored urineWhat are the following for each patient? Edward urine composition: _______ blood compostion: _______ Ariana urine composition: ________ blood composition: _______