When market conditions in a competitive industry are such that firms cannot cover their total production costs, then a) the firms will suffer long-run economic losses. Ob) the firms will suffer short-run economic losses that will be exactly offset by long-run economic profits. Oc) some firms will exit the market, causing prices to rise until the remaining firms can cover their total production costs. d) all firms will go out of business, since consumers will not pay prices that enable firms to cover production costs. their total
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- The following graph plots the market demand curve for rhenium. Use the orange points (square symbol) to plot the initial short-run industry supply curve when there are 10 firms in the market. (Hint: You can disregard the portion of the supply curve that corresponds to prices where there is no output since this is the industry supply curve.) Next, use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 20 firms. Finally, use the green points (triangle symbol) to plot the short-run industry supply curve when there are 30 firms. PRICE (Dollars per pound) 80 72 64 56 48 40 32 24 16 8 0 Demand 0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200 QUANTITY (Thousands of pounds) Because you know that competitive firms earn Supply (10 firms) Supply (20 firms) True 4 If there were 30 firms in this market, the short-run equilibrium price of rhenium would be s would Therefore, in the long run, firms would O False Supply (30 firms) per pound. From the graph, you can…A perfectly competitive industry is in long-run equilibrium. Each of the identical firms has a long- run cost function C = 100 + q². As a result, a firm's marginal cost function is MC = 2q. In the long-run competitive equilibrium, (a) How much does the firm produce? (b) What is the equilibrium price? (c) If the market quantity demanded at the equilibrium price is Q = 2500, how many firms are in the market?Suppose that the jackfruit industry is initially operating in long-run equilibrium at a price level of $5 per pound of jackfruit and quantity of 75 million pounds per year. Suppose a top medical journal publishes research that animal-alternative protein sources such as jackfruit could decrease your expected lifespan by 5 years. The publication is expected to cause consumers to demand jackfruit at every price. In the short run, firms will respond by Shift the demand curve, the supply curve, or both on the following graph to illustrate these short-run effects of the publication. 2 1 10 9 8 Supply Demand 0 0 + 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 QUANTITY (Millions of pounds) In the long run, some firms will respond by + 1 } Demand Supply until Shift the demand curve, the supply curve, or both on the following graph to illustrate both the short-run effects of the publication and the new long- run equilibrium after firms and consumers finish adjusting to the news. 2 1 10 9 Supply Demand B…
- In a competitive market, the long-run demand is given by P = 20 - (0.01)*q Firms in the industry have as their cost structure the expression C = q3 - 5q2 + 10q. Determine: (a) equilibrium price b) Quantity produced-sold of the firm. c) What quantity is traded in the market? d) Over what time period does this market work? (short or long term?) e) What is the profit of the individual firm? f) What will be the behavior of the individual firm, will it exit or stay in the market?Suppose that the seitan industry is initially operating in long-run equilibrium at a price level of $5 per pound of seitan and quantity of 200 million pounds per year. Suppose a top medical journal publishes research that animal-alternative protein sources such as seitan could decrease your expected lifespan by 4 years. The publication expected to cause consumers to demand seitan at every price. In the short run, firms will respond by Shift the demand curve, the supply curve, or both on the following graph to illustrate these short-run effects of the publication. PRICE (Dollars per pound) 10 9 8 2 1 0 0 40 Supply Demand 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 QUANTITY (Millions of pounds) 400 Demand Supply (?)Suppose that the jackfruit industry is initially operating in long-run equilibrium at a price level of $5 per pound of jackfruit and quantity of 100 million pounds per year. Suppose a top medical journal publishes research that animal-alternative protein sources such as jackfruit could increase your expected lifespan by 5 years. The publication is expected to cause consumers to demand jackfruit at every price. In the short run, firms will respond by Shift the demand curve, the supply curve, or both on the following graph to illustrate these short-run effects of the publication. PRICE (Dollars per pound) 10 9 8 7 65 -run effects of a shift in demand 2 0 0 20 40 Supply Demand 60 80 100 120 140 QUANTITY (Millions of pounds) 160 180 200 O Demand Supply ? t.
- The table below shows the average cost (AC) for a purely competitive market. The average revenue (AR) is constant at RM5 per unit and the firm’s total fixed cost (TFC) is RM4. If the average revenue falls to RM3 per unit, calculate the firm’s new profit or loss at the equilibrium. Based on your answer, should the firm continue or stop the production? Justify. Output (Units) Total Revenue (RM) Average Cost (RM) Total Cost (RM) Marginal Cost (RM) Marginal Revenue (RM) 1 8.0 2 5.5 3 4.0 4 3.5 5 3.8 6 4.5 7 6.0Suppose that the seitan industry is initially operating in long-run equilibrium at a price level of $5 per pound of seitan and quantity of 25 million pounds per year. Suppose a top medical journal publishes research that animal-alternative protein sources such as seitan could decrease your expected lifespan by 5 years. The publication is expected to cause consumers to demand seitan at every price. In the short run, firms will respond by ▼ Shift the demand curve, the supply curve, or both on the following graph to illustrate these short-run effects of the publication. PRICE (Dollars per pound) 10 9 8 7 6 5 2 1 0 10 In the long run, some firms will respond by 9 0 8 5 7 Supply Demand 10 15 20 25 30 35 QUANTITY (Millions of pounds) 40 45 50 Demand Shift the demand curve, the supply curve, or both on the following graph to illustrate both the short-run effects of the blication and the new long- run equilibrium after firms and consumers finish adjusting to the news. Supply 1 Supply O Demand…a) A profit-maximizing business incurs an economic loss of $10,000 per year. Its fixed cost is $15,000 per year. Should it produce or shut down in the short run? Should it stay in the industry or exit in the long run? b) Suppose instead that this business has a fixed cost of $6,000 per year. Should it produce or shut down in the short run? Should it stay in the industry or exit in the long run?
- (a) Let the industry producing soybeans be in a long-run equilibrium. What is the equilibrium price of a bushel of soybeans? How many billions of bushels are produced? How many farmers are there in the industry? What is the shipping fee per bushel of soybeans? (b) Suppose that the demand for soybeans drops due to decreased im- port by China and becomes Q = 15.3 − p. In a new long run equilibrium, what is the equilibrium price of a bushel of soybeans? How many billions of bushels are produced? How many farmers are there in the industry? What is the shipping fee per bushel? (c) Calculate the change in the producers’ surplus between the situations described in (a) and (b). (d) Show that the decrease in the producers’ surplus equals to the decrease in the total shipping fees as the industry contracts incrementally from the equilibrium output in (a) to the equilibrium output in (b).A firm operates in a perfectly competitive market. Its marginal cost = to its marginal revenue. It is incurring economic losses . Based on this information, which of the following is true? a) An increase in output will decrease the forms economic losses. b) a decrease in output will decrease the firms economic losses. c) Any change in output will fail to result in positive economic profits. d) An increase in price will decrease the firms economic losses. e) the forms marginal revenue exceeds its outputs average total costIn a purely competitive market at its long-run equilibrium, which of the following is not true? a The marginal benefit of the last unit of the product equals the marginal cost of producing that unit. b The maximum willingness of buyers to pay for the last unit of the product equals the minimum acceptable price for the seller of that unit. c Price equals marginal cost, and they are equal to the lowest attainable average cost of production. d The combined amount of consumer and producer surpluses is at its minimum possible.