When completely metabolized, a hexose molecule yields the energy of 36 ATP molecules. Which step of this chemical process yields the most ATP? A. Activation of glucose B. Phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 3-phophate C. Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate D. Metabolism of the two C₂ fragments in common metabolic pathway
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- The following reaction takes place during the synthesis of glycogen: Glucose 1-phosphate + UTP + H20 UDP-Glucose + 2Pi This reaction may be best described as a: a. exergonic, catabolic reaction O b. exergonic, coupled reaction C. oxidation-reduction reaction d. endergonic, substrate-level phosphorylation reaction e. exergonic, substrate-level phosphorylation reactionWhich step in glycolysis is an example of substrate-level phosphorylation? OA. Step 1: glucose + ATP →→ glucose 6-phosphate + ADP + Pi B. Step 3: fructose 6-phosphate + ATP C. Step 7: 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate D. Step 10: phosphoenolpyruvate E. Both c and d ->>> fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + ADP + P₁ + ADP + P₁ → 3-phosphoglycerate + ATP -> + ADP + Pi → pyruvate + ATPWhich of the following statements is true about the citric acid cycle a. The Citric Acid Cycle is an 8-step cycle that produces the most electron carrier molecules throughout the process of cellular respiration. b. In Citric Acid Cycle, both the acetyl group and coenzyme A of Acetyl CoA are combined to oxaloacetate. c. In Citric Acid Cycle, glucose is only partially broken down and there are still remnants of glucose after this process. d. The ATP produced during this process is via oxidative phosphorylation
- The reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase involves two "sub-reactions", one of which is unfavourable. How is the energy barrier of this unfavourable sub reaction overcome? A. through the formation and hydrolysis of a thioester bond using a cysteine molecule in the enzyme B. through the hydrolysis of an ATP molecule C. through the hydrolysis of a thioester bond in the substrate molecule D. the enzyme catalyzes the formation of a thioester bond E. none of these explanations describe how the energy barrier is overcome Please answer asapPhosphoglucomutase O A. Catalyzes the reaction Glucose 1-phosphate to Glucose 6-phosphate B. Catalyzes the reaction glucose 6-phosphate to glucose C. Catalyzes the reaction Glucose 6-phosphate to Glucose 1,6-diphosphate O D. None of the choices presented in this question are correct O E. Releases glucose 6-phosphate monomers from glycogenThe glycolysis reaction map indicates that is also a substrate for the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), while product of the PPP and an intermediate for glycolysis. A. \beta-D-Glucose-6-phosphate; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate B. \alpha - D- Glucose-6-phosphate; glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate C. \alpha-D-Glucose-6-phosphate; glycerate D. \alpha-D-Glucose-6-phosphate; glycerate-3-phosphate is a
- Match the enzyme to the reaction catalysed. Not all the enzymes have to be selected, and an enzyme may be used more than once. v Synthesizes phosphatidic acid A. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase v Synthesizes triacylglycerol B. Glycerol kinase v Synthesizes acetoacetyl-CoA C. Acyl-CoA cholesterol acyl transferase v Synthesizes mevalonate D. Lipin v Synthesize 1,2 diacylglycerol E. Acyl transferase v Converts glycerol into glycerol-3-phosphate F. HMG-CoA reductase v Converts dihydroxyacetone phosphate into glycerol-3-phosphate G. Thiolase v Synthesize cholesterol-esterConsider the following types of cell and their respective conditions: i. a liver cell with non-functional malate-aspartate shuttle* ii. a skeletal muscle cell lacking oxygen iii. a cell with ATP synthase deficiency* iv. a yeast cell undergoing fermentation but with defective alcohol dehydrogenase (hint: In yeast, alcohol dehydrogenase is responsible for shuttling reducing equivalents of cytosolic NADH to the mitochondria.)* V. a brain cell with non-functional Complex II of the electron transport chain* * Assume that the deficiency is isolated and will not influence the function of other respiration componentsGluconeogensis uses nearly all of the same enzymes as those in ____, and is a(an) ______ reaction. Select one: a. Citric Acid Cycle anabolic b. citric acid cycle, catabolic c. glycolysis, anabolic d. glycolysis, catabolic e. none of the above
- Which of the following statements about the transport of citrate for fatty acid synthesis are false? 1. Citrate is able to cross the inner mitochondrial membrane through the citrate transporter integral membrane protein. II. In the cytoplasm citrate synthase catalyzes the production of acetyl- CoA and oxaloacetate III. After lysis of citrate the oxaloacetate is oxidized to malate by a cytoplasmic form of malate dehydrogenase. II and III only Fonly II only Ill only I and II onlyPart A Explain how the catabolism of fructose differs from that of glucose. Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. In the liver, is enzymatically converted to glucose pyruvate after the regulation step. Because of this, all 6 converted to fructose-6-phosphate 5 fructose 4 3-phosphoglycerate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 2-phosphoglycerate 3 Reset Help and enters glycolysis at step in the cell will beWhat is the energy yield in ATP molecules associated with each of the following : a. Glucose > 2 pyruvate (aerobic / anaerobic conditions) b. NADH → NAD+ с. 2 рyruvate 2 аcetyl-CoA + 2 СО, d. acetyl-CoA > 2CO, + 3NADH+ FADH2 (CAC ) e. FADH, → FAD f. Glucose + 6 0,> 6 СО, + 6 H,о g. САС, сombined with the ETC (аcetyl-CoA 2CО)