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![Based on disease syndromes and characteristics, and also on their effect on certain cell
cultures and serological groupings, five virulence groups of Escherichia coli are
recognized. Briefly distinguish between these virulence groups. [Base your answer on
virulence factors, pattern of bacterial attachment to host cells, effects of attachment to
host cells, production of toxins, and invasiveness]
What will the appearance of Escherichia coli be on MacConkey Agar red and Eosin
Methylene Blue (EMB) agar, respectively.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fc2aa0f40-96dc-4a17-bc32-1e9eaca2ccd8%2F3cbfbb8a-4582-4780-bbe5-ae9e730c0406%2Fo9965cg_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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- How is salmonella typhi transmitted? Include ALL the mechanisms can be transmitted. indirect transmission (airborne, vehicles, vectors – what are the vehicles/vectors?) direct transmission (direct contact – how?) vertical transmission – how? horizontal transmission – how?What are the virulence factors of Salmonella typhi? Explain each factors in simple terms.Explain the role of pylori in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers. Which populations are most susceptible to peptic ulcers? Is H. pylori normal flora? If so, what causes the species to become pathogenic? Construct at table to compare and contrast the 5 steps of microbial pathogenesis. How does extracellular growth differ from intracellular growth? Diagram the 5 step pathogenesis cycle for coli O157:H7, an extracellular, intestinal pathogen acquired by consuming contaminated food/water. Be sure to include the role of exoenzymes and the Shiga exotoxin in your diagram. (2 points) Explain the pathogenesis of Listeria monocytogenes. Be sure to include temperature regulation, intracellular growth, and at risk groups in your discussion.
- Propionibacterium acnes is a normal member of the skin microbiome that benefits the body by lowering the skin's pH- an antimicrobial effect. However, P. acnes is also the leading cause of acne. Explain mechanistically how can a bacterium be part of the normal microbiome and beneficial but also be pathogenic?How do Koch’s postulates ensure that cause and effect of agiven disease are clearly differentiated?Discuss the following virulence factors: collagenase, hemolysin, siderophore. For each, explain the molecules involved, the pathogen-host interaction, and name a species and disease associated with each factor.
- Which of the following is NOT true of bacterial exotoxins? 1. Important in the pathogenesis of many human diseases 2. Their toxic effect can be systemic, affecting cells distant from the primary site of infection 3. None of the other four answers (All are true of bacterial exotoxins) 4. Different exotoxins may affect different types of cells (e.g., nerves, gastrointestinal mucosa) 5. Some exotoxins have two components, A (active) and B (binding)Based on our class results, which of the following should be effective when treating an E. faecalis infection? [Choose all that apply] Group of answer choices Kanamycin (K-30) Vancomycin (Va-30) Novobiocin (NB-30) Ciprofloxacin (CIP-5) Ampicillin (AM-10) Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid (AmC-30) Bacitracin (B-10) Bacitracin (B-10) Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (SXT)What is the purpose of amplifying P. aeruginosa and B. cereus virulence genes exoS/exoT and nheA/hblC, respectively. What are the functions of these virulence genes.
- Write a 1-2 paragraph case study that accurately depicts the disease caused by Clostridium Botulinum. If your organism is transmitted in a specific location or under certain circumstances be sure your patient has been to those locations or engaged in those behaviors that would lead to transmission Have the appropriate timeline in terms of incubation and length of illness. Cover the important symptoms. You do not have to give all possible symptoms, just the typical one. Provide some important laboratory test results without stating the name of your microorganism. Provide the Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Laboratory Tests, Treatment and Prevention.Resistance to antimicrobial agents is more commonly seen in hospital-acquired infections with enteric bacteria than in community-based infections with the same species. Explain why this is so.Your father, age 74, has been recovering in a rehabilitation center from a hip fracture. He has developed C. diff and is in isolation. Explain the process of how this disease occurs. What preventive measures need to be taken to prevent the spread of this condition?