What two systems primarily maintain homeostasis? Name the components of a feedback loop. Describe two types of feedback loops that operate in the body. Describe an example in the body for both types of feedback loop.
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- Define and discuss: What two systems primarily maintain homeostasis?
- Name the components of a feedback loop.
- Describe two types of feedback loops that operate in the body.
- Describe an example in the body for both types of feedback loop.
- Describe as completely as possible, the four levels of protein
- What type of bonds hold a protein together at the primary level?
- What type of bonds maintain the protein at the secondary and tertiary level?
- Give an example of secondary, tertiary, and quarternary level proteins.
- At which level is the protein functional?
- What happens (at a molecular level) when a protein is denatured?
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- A particular DNA sequence encodes for MRNA that then encodes for the amino acid glutamate in a protein. A mutation occurs in the DNA that changes the MRNA codon for the glutamate into a different codon. Which change would cause the least disruption to the structure of the protein? Hint: Think about the nature of the various R groups (side-chains) of the amino acids, and how intermolecular forces/interactions govern the way a protein folds into its three-dimensional structure. The codon for the glutamate is changed into a stop codon. The codon for the glutamate is changed into the codon for aspartate. O The codon for the glutamate is changed into the codon for phenylalanine. O The codon for the glutamate is changed into the codon for serine.Differentiate the terms peptide, polypeptide, and proteins. Give two (2) examples for each term and elaborate on their medical and physiological characteristics and functions.Discuss the different structures (primary, secondary, tertiary, and Quaternary structures) of protein. What are the five factors that promote protein folding and stability. (Hint: One factor is the Hydrogen bond). Extra Hint: Another factor is the Hydrophobic effect.
- Q: what level of structural organization determines the spatial arrangement of a protein molecule?Choose any/all amino acids that have a charged/ionized R group at physiological pH. Group of answer choices Arginine (Arg) Asparagine (Asn) Isoleucine (Ile) Valine (Val) Glutamine (Gln) Lysine (Lys)Label: 1) the type of chemical bonds between the amino acids (e.g. covalent bond, ionic bond, metallic bond) 2) the type of interparticle forces of attraction occurring within the protein and with its environment *Indicate at least four observed interparticle forces of attraction *pink - negatively charged, blue - positively charged, yellow - nonpolar and uncharged, green - polar and uncharged *[See example picture] The chemical bond (shown by the arrow) is depicted as a line between the amino acids. Interparticle forces of attraction, such as the one between Phe and Glu (boxed), are not represented by lines but rather by the proximity of amino acids.
- Classify each of the amino acids below. Note for advanced students: none of these amino acids are found in normal proteins. + H3N -CH-COO H3N CH-COO H3N CH COO CH2 CH NH3 CH2 S CH2 CH3 CH3 (Choose one) (Choose one) (Choose one) ▼ nonpolar polar neutral H3N —CH CAO HƠN CH COO polar acidic polar basic CH2 COO CH2 CH2 H3C CH3 NH2 (Choose one) (Choose one) (Choose one)Which of the following about the glycosylation of proteins in the ER is false? Dolichol phosphate serves as a lipid carrier. Oligosaccaryltransferase add the oligosaccharide to the protein. The oligosaccharide ‘tree’ is made up of glucose and mannose. Asn-X-Ser/Thr serves as the glycosylation site on the protein. Carbohydrates are added to the lipid carrier by glycosyltransferases.The image below shows an amino acid at physiological pH. Answer the following questions about this amino acid. H | // - c H3N* | CH2 CH2 | H2N a. How many carbons are in this amino acid's side chain? Entry Format: please type your answer as a number. 3 b. Is the side chain of this amino acid ionized at physiological pH? Entry Format: Please type the word yes or no without any capitalization. yes c. At physiological pH, amino acids have two ionic charges, one positively charged group and one negatively charged group. What is the term for this sort of molecule? Entry Format: Please type your response with all lowercase letters.
- Refer to the given figure below. Peptide and protein synthesis in the body occurs at the ribosome. In the molecular level, what happens is the reaction between the carboxyl moiety of one amino acid (BLUE), and the amino moiety of another amino acid (RED). What is the role of the blue amino acid in the reaction? R1 LOH + H2N. R2 - HOH НОН R1 R2 Brønsted acid Brønsted base Electrophile Nucleophile Radical IZ ZI ZIName and discuss the non-covalent interactions that maintain protein structure. Explain the chirality of amino acid molecules.Discuss the different structures of protein. What are the five factors that promote protein folding and stability. Explain your answers in depth and detail.