Q: Describe the reason behind the occurrence of phage growth and release by the mating with the…
A: Bacteriophages frequently transition between the lytic and lysogenic states. The two gene regulatory…
Q: What are the protein secondary structures that differ between a normal prion and an infectious one?
A: PrPC or prion protein is able to go through a conformational transition into an insoluble isoform…
Q: What is the main problem with retroviral vectors?
A: Retroviral vectors are created by removing replication and disease-causing genes from the virus and…
Q: Why is a host-cell tRNA needed for reverse transcription?
A: Reverse transcription is a process used by retroviruses(RNA viruses) which encodes its RNA genome…
Q: What is COVID-19's genetic mutation, and how to prevent widespread diseases and infections.
A: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a viral infection caused by the virus known as SARS-CoV-2. The…
Q: What are the steps in making an mRNA vaccine?
A: mRNA vaccines combine ideal immunological houses with an exceptional protection profile and the…
Q: In what major way does transcription of phage DNA differ inphages T4 and T7?
A: The central dogma of the protein synthesis process involves transcription and translation.…
Q: What mechanism of antibiotic resistance does the NDM gene code for?
A: Antibiotic Resistance is the phenomenon by which any bacteria can survive in the presence of…
Q: Why are single-stranded binding (SSB) proteins required?
A: SSBs are nucleoproteins that can be found in bacteria, bacteria, and animals. When opposed to…
Q: "what is the reason for forming mucoid colonies in some types of bacteria?"
A: Microscopic organisms develop on strong media as provinces. A settlement is characterized as an…
Q: What key features distinguish the lytic from the lysogenic cycle?
A: The bacteriophage is commonly known as phage, is a virus particle that infects and replicates within…
Q: What percentage of cells in an organ or a tissue need toexpress a therapeutic gene to alleviate the…
A: Gene therapy is the method that involves the insertion of DNA or sequence of DNA in the cells of the…
Q: What type of mutation in an operon is most likely to affect the synthesis of more than one protein?
A: Mutation is the process, in which genetic sequence is changed, which results in the change in…
Q: Why is formation of the replicative form of fX174 necessary inorder to make phage-specific mRNA?
A: DNA is the genetic material in most of the organisms. It is mostly double-stranded but some viruses…
Q: How can a protein, which cannot replicate itself, be a transmissible pathogen?
A: A pathogen is an organic entity that causes infection. Your body is normally brimming with…
Q: Why are proteins synthesized from Spirulina called Single celled Proteins? What is the significance…
A: Single-cell proteins are the proteins that are edible and are derived from single-celled organisms.…
Q: What is the role of Ku70/80 in direct repair of DSBs?
A: DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to DNA…
Q: The following is a sequence of the leader region ofthe his operon mRNA in Salmonella…
A: An operon is the functional unit of a gene. An operon also includes a setoff genes, which are under…
Q: What distinguishes a retrovirus from an LTR transposon, and how is this difference enabled?
A: LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements characterized by the presence of long…
Q: How antiterminator hairpin is formed ?
A: Introduction: An operon is defined as a group of genes that have a common promoter and regulator and…
Q: What is the result of superantigens?
A: Antigens (Ag) are toxins or pathogens. The immune system produces antibodies (Ab) against them as an…
Q: How does the level of tryptophan alter transcription of the trp operon?
A: An operon is defined as the set of structural genes that are under the regulation of a common…
Q: How do riboswitches differ from RNA-mediated repression?
A: Riboswitches are small mRNA molecules that are comprised of regulatory sequences. The small protein…
Q: Why is phage conversion considered beneficial to host cells?
A: Phages are viruses that have bacterial cells as their host.
Q: What is the difference between the lytic pathway and the lysogenic pathway?
A: Lytic and Lysogenic cycles are the method of viral multiplication.
Q: What advantages are there to having genes arranged in an operon, compared with the arrangement in…
A: The gene is the basic morphological and physiological unit of heredity. DNA is used to make genes.…
Q: What is the relationship between the rpoS gene and the SOS repair mechanism? Briefly explain.
A: In response to the severe DNA damage; many cells have the mechanism which enable them to synthesize…
Q: What is antiterminator hairpin ?
A: It is a secondary structure of RNA. It determines interaction in ribozyme and can help in RNA…
Q: Which protein product of HTLV-1 functions as a transcriptional activator and is also considered to…
A: HTLV-1 is an enveloped virus that contains two strands of RNA within a protein capsid. It can infect…
Q: What structures on bacterial host cells serve to allow bacteriophage to recognize them? What…
A: Bacteriophage is a type of virus that is composed of a head and tail. The head part contains a…
Q: What is lac operon?
A: Lac operon ,this concept was proposed by Jacob and monod in 1965. Operon is a functioning unit of…
Q: What are the mechanisms by which the attenuator forms when tryptophan levels are high and the…
A: Tryptophan is an amino acid. It is produced by many structural genes of an operon. An attenuator…
Q: Why is the detection of viral RNA not equivalent to a high risk transmission method?
A: The detection of the viral RNA, detection of infectious virus and equivalent transmission risk are…
Q: how does wearing mask helps students to stop the spread of covid 19? and What can you advice to your…
A: Covid 19 is a life threatening viral disease that is caused by SARS-COV II virus. As it is a viral…
Q: Give one examples of mutaion?
A: Any alteration in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence is termed as genetic mutation.
Q: Why does phage T4 need a lysozyme-like protein in order toinfect its host, and what part of T4…
A: Bacteriophages are the viruses that infect and replicate within the bacterial host. They are of two…
Q: What are the roles of Cas1, Cas2, and Cas9 proteins in bacterialgenome defense?
A: Phages are the bacteria killers that inject their DNA into the bacteria and uses the bacterial…
Q: What is the primary function of the sigma factor? Is therea protein in eukaryotes analogous to the…
A: SIGMA FACTOR : are RNA polymerase detachable polypeptide component. Eukaryotic transcription factors…
Q: What are the analogies between the mechanisms controlling the lac operon and those controlling phage…
A: Lac operon λ genetic switches are the ones that are in requirement of the breakdown of lactose. Even…
Q: What commits lambda to the lytic versus the lysogenic pathway?
A: Introduction Virus is composed of viral capsid which is composed of proteins which also acts as…
Q: What role does the Env trimer play in HIV infection?
A: The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer is located on the surface of the virus and is the…
Q: From the perspective of a bacteriophage, what is the advantage of being able to follow either a…
A: Bacteriophage :A type of virus which infects and replicates inside bacteria. These are composed of…
Q: How are particular proteins targeted to particular sub-cellular compartments?
A: Proteins after synthesis are translocated into other organelles. Here, they are translocated into…
Q: What is gene targeting?
A: A gene is the basic functional and physical unit of heredity. Genes are made of substance called…
What is the difference between the native and pathogenic forms
of the prion protein?
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- What is application of D_serine?What is adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene ? How it works ?19. A 22-year-old man who was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus has learned to test his blood for glucose and is compliant with all treatment instructions. When asked by his family how he is coping with his disease, he says, "I prefer not to think about it." This behavior is best described as which of the following? A) Denial F) Repression B) Identification G) Somatization C) Projection H) Splitting D) Rationalization 1) Sublimation E) Reaction formation J) Suppression
- Moderna and Pfizer vaccines for COVID-19 use mRNA to the Spike protein combined with lipids. Which of the following is/are advantages of this type of vaccine compared to an inactivated virus vaccine? Select ALL correct answers. a) The vaccine is more stable for transport. b) The vaccine does not contain the virus so it cannot give you COVID-19. c) The vaccine can be rapidly produced in a slightly different form to protect from variants of SARS-CoV-2. d) The vaccine does not need a booster.What is the nature of the prion mutation that leads to extreme sensitivity to prion disease?Usually, bacteria only make tryptophan when tryptophan is absent or available in low concentration. However, a particular bacterial mutation makes tryptophan all the time whether or not tryptophan is present. What could explain this phenotype? A) the terminator hairpin is unable to form B) the antiterminator hairpin is unable to form C) trpE is mutated D) trpD is mutated E) trpA is mutated
- Explain what is TFIID ?Which statement among A-D is false regarding bacterial toxins? A) O Hemolysıns are cell membrane disrupters that can rupture red blood cells. B) O Second mesengar pathway disrupters like cholera toxin produces a debilitating respiratory condition of the lungs. C) O Shiga toxin, tetanus toxin, and hemolysins are all types of exotoxins. D) O Superantigens elicit a hyperactive response by the immune system and can lead to shock. E) O None are false, A-D are all true statements.Why does phage T4 need a lysozyme-like protein in order toinfect its host, and what part of T4 enters the host cytoplasm?
- Why are structural analogs of sugar molecules (such as Oseltamivir and zanamivir) effective in treatment of influenza-virus infection?a variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been found in brazil. this variant contains the mutation K417N, where the amino acid K has been mutated to the amino acid N. K and N refers to the one letter codes of the amino acids. a) state the names of the amino acids K and N. b) state one difference between the properties of these 2 aminoacidsWhat are the protein secondary structures that differ between a normal prion and an infectious one?