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- What is convergent evolution and how is it differentfrom horizontal gene transfer?What is an evolutionary tree? Is there a precise evolutionary tree known by science that explains the emergence and origin of every type of living being?This organism is an animal. What can you infer about its bodystructure and lifestyle (that might not be obvious from itsappearance)? This animal has a protostome developmentalpattern and a trochophore larva. Identify the major clades thatthis animal belongs to. Explain your selection, and describe whenthese clades originated and how they are related to one another.
- You have now studied three different types of anatomical structures. Homologous structures show individual variations on a common anatomical theme. These are seen in organisms that are closely related. 1. Give an example of a homologous structure from this activity: Analogous structures have very different anatomies but similar functions. These are seen in organismsthat are not necessarily closely related but live in similar environments and have similar adaptations. 2. Give an example of an analogous structure from this activity: Vestigial structures are anatomical remnants that were important in the organism's ancestors but are nolonger used in the same way. 3. Give an example of a vestigial structure from this activity:Based on this phylogenetic tree, which organisms are the most closely related? கomanmamaii(Somthem Mink NMa) A ocutorostrara (Northern Minke Whale) Aphysahus (Fin Whale) 1. అజేయి (ఫ)బ్రు కిథdేలోs Whale) B boreade (Sa Whalej & brydei (Bryde's Whale) Megaptera no nghe (llumplack Whae) EsclrichitiK ahustu(Gray Whi Megaptera novaeangliae (Humpback Whale) and Eschrichtius robustus (Gray Whale) B. brydei (Bryde's Whale) and B. edeni (Pygmy Bryde's Whale) B. musculus (Blue Whale) and B. physalus (Fin Whale) B. acutostrata (Northern Minke Whale) and B. edeni (Pygmy Bryde's Whale)WRITE ABOUT A THEME: Organization You have seenmany examples of how form fits function at all levels of thebiological hierarchy. However, we can imagine forms thatwould function better than some forms actually found innature. For example, if the wings of a bird were not formedfrom its forelimbs, such a hypothetical bird could fly yet alsohold objects with its forelimbs. In a short essay (100–150words), use the concept of “evolution as tinkering” to explainwhy there are limits to the functionality of forms in nature.
- To which of the 5 clades do these organisms belong?What must be TRUE of any organ described as vestigial? It need be neither homologous nor analogous to some feature in an ancestor. O It must be analogous to some feature in an ancestor. O It must be homologous to some feature in an ancestor. OIt must be both homologous and analogous to some feature in an ancestor.What is Evolution of living things ?
- How do the mechanisms of evolution contribute to the extinction ofother organisms?Recent reconstructions of evolutionary history are often dependenton assigning divergence in terms of changes in amino acid ornucleotide sequences. For example, a comparison of cytochromec shows 10 amino acid differences between humans and dogs,24 differences between humans and moths, and 38 differencesbetween humans and yeast. Such data provide no information asto the absolute times of divergence for humans, dogs, moths, andyeast. How might one calibrate the molecular clock to an absolutetime clock? What problems might one encounter in such acalibration?In what ways can an evolutionary trend develop during the history of a genus or a family?