We want to rotate the direction of polarization of a beam of polarized light through 90° by sending the beam through one or more polarizing sheets. (a) What is the minimum number of sheets required? (b) What is the minimum number of sheets required if the transmitted intensity is to be more than 69% of the original intensity? (a) Number i Units (b) Number i Units

We want to rotate the direction of polarization of a beam of polarized light through 90° by sending the beam through one or more polarizing sheets. (a) What is the minimum number of sheets required? (b) What is the minimum number of sheets required if the transmitted intensity is to be more than 69% of the original intensity? (a) Number i Units (b) Number i Units

Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text

5th Edition

ISBN:9781133104261

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Chapter24: Electromagnetic Waves

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 45P

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Similar questions

Three polarizing sheets are placed together such that the transmission axis of the second sheet is oriented at 25.0° to the axis of the first, whereas the transmission axis of the third sheet is oriented at 40.0° (in the same sense) to the axis of the first. What fraction of an intensity of an incident unpolarized beam is transmitted by the combination?
If a polarizing filter reduces the intensity of polarized light to 50.0% of its original value, by how much are the electric and magnetic fields reduced?
If the electric field of an electromagnetic wave is oscillating along the z-axis and the magnetic field is oscillating along the x-axis, in what possible direction is the wave traveling?
A plane electromagnetic wave travels northward. At one instant, its electric field has a magnitude of 6.0 V/m and points eastward. What are the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field at this instant?
Suppose a spherical particle of mass m and radius R in space absorbs light of intensity I for time t. (a) How much work does the radiation pressure do to accelerate the particle (mm rest In the given tine It absorbs the light? (b) How much energy canted by the electromagnetic waves is absorbed by the particle over this time based on the radiant energy incident on the particle?
An unpolarized beam of light is incident on a stack of ideal polarizing filters. The axis of the first filter is perpendicular to the axis of the last filter in the stack. Find the fraction by which the transmitted beams intensity is reduced in the three following cases. (a) Three filters are in the stack, each with its transmission axis at 45.0 relative to the preceding filter. (b) Four filters are in the stack, each with its transmission axis at 30.0 relative to the preceding filter. (c) Seven filters are in the stack, each with its transmission axis at 15.0 relative to the preceding filter. (d) Comment on comparing the answers to parts (a), (b), and (c).
Lunar astronauts placed a reflector on the Moon’s surface, off which a laser beam is periodically reflected. The distance to the Moon is calculated from the round-trip time. (a) To what accuracy in meters can the distance to the Moon be determined, If this time can be measured to 0.100 ns? (b) What percent accuracy is this, given the average distance to the Moon is 384,480 kin?
A 150-W lightbulb emits 5% of its energy as electromagnetic radiation. What is the magnitude of the average Poynting vector 10 m from the bulb?
A plane electromagnetic wave of frequency 20 GHz moves in the positive y-axis direction such that its electric field is pointed along the z-axis. The amplitude of the electric field is 10 V/m. The start of time is chosen so that at t = 0, the electric field has a value 10 V/m at the origin. (a) Write the wave function that will describe the electric field wave, (b) Find the wave function that will describe the associated magnetic field wave.
Suppose a source of electromagnetic waves radiates uniformly in all directions in empty space where there are no absorption or interference effects. (a) Show that the intensity is inversely proportional to r2, distance from the source squared. (b) Show that the magnitudes of the electric and magnetic fields are inversely proportional to r.
The Poynting vector describes a flow of energy whenever electric and magnetic fields are present. Consider a long cylindrical wire of radius r with a current I in the wire, with resistance R and voltage V. From the expressions for the electric field along the wire and the magnetic field around the wire, obtain the magnitude and direction of the Poynting vector at the surface. Show that it accounts for an energy flow into the wire from the fields around it that accounts for the Ohmic heating of the wire.
We want to rotate the direction of polarization of a beam of polarized light through 90° by sending the beam through one or more polarizing sheets. (a) What is the minimum number of sheets required? (b) What is the minimum number of sheets required if the transmitted intensity is to be more than 69% of the original intensity?