Two plates 8 mm and 18 mm thick are to be joined by a double cover butt joint with packing plate and cover plates of 10 mm thickness. The design shear strength of bolt reduces by %

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Members with compression and bending

Compression members are structural elements that carry compressive axial force. They are the vertical members of a building that support beams and their design, which is governed by buckling and strength. Columns are known as struct or compression members, which are subjected to compressive forces. These members provide stiffness to the building and avoid any imperfection regarding the transfer of axial load. For instance, webs in a truss, braces in a framed structure, tiers, and so on.