Two ISPs at the same level in the hierarchy often peer with one another. What are the ways an IXP generates revenue?
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- Authentication ProtocolsConsider the following 4-message protocol:1. A → S: (B, {(A, K1)}KpbS)2. S → B: A3. B → S: (A, {(B, K2)}KpbS)4. S → A: (B, {K2}K1) Which of the following statements is true, at the end of the protocol, and with regards to the purpose of the protocol:a) Both A and B establish a session key K2, and B is sure of A’s identityb) Both A and B establish a session key K1, and B is sure of A’s identityc) Both A and B establish a session key K1, and A is sure of B’s identityd) Both A and B establish a session key K1, and both B and A are sure of each other’s identitye) Both A and B establish a session key K2, and A is sure of B’s identityf) Both A and B establish a session key K1g) Both A and B establish a session key K2h) Both A and B authenticate each other by knowing each other’s identitiesi) A ends up knowing B’s identityj) B ends up knowing A’s identityk) None of the abovel) All of the above Explain your answer below:The security of a virtual private network (VPN) surpasses that of public Wi-Fi (VPN). When using a VPN, how does the "tunnel mode" function work?IP fragmentation is an Internet Protocol (IP) process that breaks packets into smaller pieces (fragments), so that the resulting pieces can pass through a link with a smaller maximum transmission unit (MTU) than the original packet size.EXPLAIN in details why the fragmentation is considered as a harmful method to be used in internet protocols.
- In particular, what does it mean when a DNS is said to have a "forward lookup zone," and how does it work?Even while FTP demands confirmation of successful file delivery, it does not provide the server a way to independently track this data. The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a need of the transport layer TCP/IP protocols in order to guarantee delivery success.Computer networks A "data collision" occurs when several senders access the same material. How can this be prevented, and at what Layer(s) and with what protocols? Will these safeguards prevent mishaps on the trip? What more can we do?
- In a P2P file-sharing program, do you agree that "there is no idea of client and server sides of a communication session?" There are both positive and bad reasons for doing this.Names of two different virtual private network (VPN) protocols should be provided. It is important to describe how tunneling is used to create virtual private networks. What are some of the disadvantages of tunneling?Explain the purpose of the HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and HTTPS (HTTP Secure). How do they differ in terms of security?
- Two ISPs at the same level in the hierarchy often peer with one another. What are the ways an IXP generates revenue?FTP, on the other hand, requires verification that a file has been correctly transmitted to a client, but it does not give a built-in means to track this information. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) relies on the TCP/IP architecture's Transport layer to ensure that data is delivered.Explain the significance of a cipher suite in SSL/TLS protocols.