True or Flase: Cells must only divide when they receive a signal to divide. 2. BRCA1 is a gene that codes for a tumor suppressor protein.  If a person inherits a mutation in BRCA1, it greatly increases his or her risk of developing breast cancer. Are the cancer-causing mutations in the BRCA1 gene more likely to: a) increase expression of the gene b)decrease expression of the gene c)not affect the expression of the gene

Q: p53 is a tumor suppressor gene in human cells. Transcription of this gene leads to the production of…

A: The TP53 sequence provides directions for creating a macromolecule known as tumor macromolecule p53…

Q: The p53 gene was discovered in 1979, but it was not clear whether the gene functioned as an oncogene…

A: An oncogene is a type of gene that is responsible for causing the cells to divide uncontrollably and…

Q: Match each of the changes that can contribute to cancer with its correct description. Loss of…

A: Cancer is a disease where the cells grow uncontrollably. It may affect any part of the body and…

Q: A normally functioning gene that regulates the cell cycle by stopping cell division is most likely…

A: Question - A normally functioning gene that regulates the cell cycle by stopping cell division is…

Q: Discuss the complete cell cycle in a human cell, mitosis and meiosis, and the regulatory components…

A: There are two types of cell division.They are Mitosis and Meiosis. Most of the times,the type of…

Q: What is the difference between an oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene? Give some examples of the…

A: Cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell survival are under the control of some critical…

Q: what category of cancer-related genes is it possible to find inherited variants that are associated…

A: Answer is option 3.

Q: The p53 gene encodes a tumor-suppressor protein, p53, which acts as a transcription factor for…

A: Answer. Genes for which a gain of function mutation drives a cell towards cancer are called proto…

Q: Explain why mutations in tumor suppressor genes are recessive (both copies of the gene must be…

A: Mutation in an organism is defined as a permanent alteration of “nucleotide sequences”. The…

Q: 1. For each of the following genes, categorize them as a tumor suppressor gene or a protooncogene.…

A: Bcl-2 gene is a protooncogene.The Bcl-2 can act as a barrier to apoptosis and and facilitate the…

Q: The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53. Known as the…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid, abbreviated as DNA, is a double-helix made-up of nucleic acids. Its role in…

Q: BAX proteins stimulate apoptosis. Mutations in BAX genes can help developing cancers but not…

A: BAX is more widely expressed in tissues and is involved in the cell death regulation both in…

Q: Cancer is caused by many different types of gene mutations. Some mutations are in proto-oncogenes,…

A: Cells split into new cells so that the body uses them and cancer starts with this wonderful…

Q: illustrate some of the molecular mechanisms leading from loss-of-function mutations in…

A: Tumor suppressing genes also known as Anti - oncogenes are the  regulatory genes which regulates…

Q: Describe the differences between point mutations, chromosomal translocations, and gene amplification…

A: Cancer is a disease that is associated with the uncontrolled division of cells and invasion of…

Q: Normal (nonmutant) tumor-suppressor genes often functiona. as negative regulators of cell…

A: Cancer is defined as the biological disorder in which the cells undergo uncontrolled growth and cell…

Q: Suppose Nicole recently learned that she inherited a mutant BRCA1 allele from her mother, who had…

A: BRCA1 is a tumor suppressor gene usually expressed in breast cells. It is responsible for repairing…

Q: Much remains unknown about the rapid, uncontrolled growth, or what causes a tumor to metastasize.…

A: Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue. A…

Q: f cancers are treated with surgery, chemotherapy, stem cell replacement or radiation, similar to…

A: Cancer cells  can be defined as the cells that mostly  divide continuously  and forming the solid…

Q: Distinguish between proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. To become cancer promoting, do…

A: Oncogene is a type of gene having the ability which can develop a cell to a tumor cell when…

Q: The p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene while Ras is a proto-oncogene. Mutation in either one can…

A: Tumor suppressor genes are the genes that are involved in various checkpoints in the cell cycle,…

Q: 1. The diagrams (A and B) below represent the two common types of cancer genes; one diagram…

A: Genetic material is nothing but the sequence of nucleic acids which is called as DNA. It contains…

Q: The "initiation" stage of cancer refers to:     a)  The stage where DNA is mutated, and permanent…

A: Introduction :  Cancer is defined by the following characteristics: • Uncontrolled…

Q: Why would a mutation in BRCA1 be considered a driver mutation?  b. Based on what you’ve learned…

A: In this question, we  have to answer 'BRCA gene consider as driver mutation and ATM consider as a…

Q: Identify 2 proteins important for cell cycle regulation and explain why they play a critical role in…

A: A cell cycle is the series of events through which cell grow and divides. The regulation of the cell…

Q: Which of the following statements about cancer is false? (a) oncogenes arise from mutations in…

A: Proto Oncogenes are the genes that cause cancer when there are alterations in them. Several factors…

Q: Define oncogene, proto-oncogene, and tumor-suppressor gene.

A: The most common gene in people with cancer is p53 or TP53. More than 50% of cancers involve the lost…

Q: Explain the difference between proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor mutations in terms of its…

A: Cancer is a medical condition that is characterized by the growth of tumors in the body of an…

Q: Classify the following genes as proto-oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes: p53, ras, Bcl-2,…

A: Proto-oncogene is a normal gene which have many different functions in the cell, like providing…

Q: BAX proteins stimulate apoptosis.

A: A natural genetically programmed cell death called apoptosis occurs when an ageing cell reaches the…

Q: Tumor suppressor proteins can assist in slowing down the cell cycle under appropriate conditions. In…

A: Mutation can be classified in many ways - like point mutations are substitutions, frameshift…

Q: Cells in a tumor contain mutated copies of a particular gene that promotes tumor growth. Gene…

A: An oncogene helps in control cell division and  contributes to cancer progression whereas a tumor…

Q: Which of the following chromosomal changes would be LEAST likely to cause the development of cancer?…

A: Cancer is a condition where cells in a specific part of the body grow and reproduce uncontrollably.…

Q: A tumor suppressor gene (TSG) codes for a protein that is part of the system that regulates cell…

A: Normal genes that halt cell division or fix DNA errors are known as tumor suppressor genes. Such…

Q: Apart from p53, mention and describe the function of three tumor suppressor genes you know

A: The cancer related genes can be divided into two broad categories like the proto-oncogenes and tumor…

Q: Why are PARP inhibitors effective in killing tumor cells with BRCA-deficiency but not Rb deficiency?…

A: Anti-oncogene or tumor suppressor gene regulate cell division and DNA repair mechanism. Any mutation…

Q: Genetic tests that detect mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumor-suppressor genes are widely…

A: Answer: Introduction: The genes like the breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer 2 (BRCA2) genes…

Q: Tumor-suppressor genes promote cancer whena. they are overexpressed.b. they are expressed in the…

A: Cancer is a disorder in which abnormal cells divide irrepressibly and destroy the tissues of the…

Q: Tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes are implicated in carcinogenesis. However, one can predict…

A: Oncogene is a gene that is responsible for the formation of cancer cells in the body. Mostly the…

Q: help!!! Answer the following questions Only in cell biology 1. A. Discuss the roles of two main…

A: Stem cells are reserve cells that involve in the growth and differentiation of tissues. It has the…

Q: Part A and B A. What are the Hallmarks of Cancer? A) Criteria that are used to identify tumors in…

A: The hallmarks of cancer are the biological capabilities that are required during the development of…

Q: a. How could you use sequence analysis to determine if this patient inherited the mutation from one…

A: There are various diagnostic technique used to diagnose cancer and they are:- Biopsy, Breast MRI,…

Q: Proto-oncogenes normally function to increase v cell division. If a mutation occurs to a…

A: Proto - oncogenes normally function to stimulating cell division . If a mutation occurs to a proto -…

Q: Explain Mutations in tumor-suppressor genes are recessive at the cellular level but dominant at the…

A: Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal growth of cells, which tend to proliferate in an…

Q: Describe how the tumor-suppressor genes Rb, p53 and p21 regulate the cell cycle.

A: Tumor suppressor gene  These gene controls the activity of cell division cycles. They decide whether…

Q: Explain the difference between a proto-oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene.

A: Cancer is the state of uncontrolled cell division.

Q: Discuss the challenges of producing anticancer drugs that counteract the effects of mutations in…

A: Tumor suppressor genes are the genes that decline the cell division process, acts in programmed cell…