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- All eukaryotic DNA is located in the nucleus. Determine whether the statement is True or False. And EXPLAIN Why/How?Hydrogen bonds are important in DNA replication and transcription. They are relatively weak chemical bonds. Why is this a desirable feature for DNA? Describe the effect (s) of changing (mutating) the promoter on the transcription of the DNA strand/gene the promoter controls. What happens to protein synthesis if a nonsense codon is inserted into the gene? Explain why a point mutation does not necessarily change the original amino acid sequence. (Explain silent mutations) Choose any pentapeptide composed of five different amino acids. List the amino acids. Present one messenger RNA codon for each amino acids and the sequence of nucleotides on the DNA that originally coded for your pentapeptide.Polypeptides can be reversed back to RNA because of the enzyme transcriptase. The genetic material must be replicated with high fidelity and great speed. Eukaryotic mRNA is said to be polycistronic since they encode multiple polypeptide chains RNA-synthesis occurs inside the nucleus while protein synthesis in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic organisms. Write T if the statement is true and write F if the statement is false
- True or false: The synthesis of a new strand of DNA is initiated using a DNA primer?True or False: Proteins are assembled two or three amino acids at a time during translationTrue or false Both pentose nucleic acid and deoxypentose nucleic acid contain the same pyrimidines Both pentose nucleic acid and deoxypentose nucleic acid and deoxypentose nucleic acid Contain the same purines RNA contains cytosine and thymine DNA and RNA are hydrolysed by weak alkali The anticodon of tRNA finds the complementary codon on mRNA The amino acid is attached to end of tRNA The amino acid is recognized by the anticodon of tRNA A given tRNA can be charged with only one particular amino acid
- true or false: DNA ligase seals nicks between DNA fragments by forming a new phosphate bond.Linear eukaryotic DNA molecules have many origins of synthesis. True FalseIdentify whether each of the following descriptions applies to typical prokaryotic genomes only, typical eukaryotic genomes only, both, or neither, according to lecture. Answer options may be used more than once or not at all. Composed of double-stranded DNA only. Each chromosome has a centromere. Species with larger genomes have more genes. [Choose ] [Choose ] prokaryotes only neither eukaryotes or prokaryotes eukaryotes only both prokaryotes and eukaryotes [Choose ]
- True or false: bacterial cells may contain multiple genomes?Background: DNA nucleotides (i.e A, T, G, and C) are naturally found in a paired, or bonded, arrangement (i.e. the double helix) within the nucleus of every cell. This structure makes the process of replication that occurs prior to mitosis and meiosis very reliable. The purpose of DNA, though, is not simply to make copies of itself, but to provide a set of instructions for the synthesis or "construction" of biomolecules, such as proteins. Why is transcription (i.e. the formation of an RNA copy of a given gene) a necessary step in the "construction" process highlighted above? What is the cell looking to ultimately do with this RNA information?During DNA replication, the new strand that undergoes continuous replication is called the leading strand. True or False? During DNA replication, short fragments of DNA, called Okazaki fragments, are produced by discontinuous synthesis on the leading strand. True or False On the leading strand, synthesis proceeds continuously in the 5'->3' direction, whereas on the lagging strand it happens in the opposite direction (3'->5'). True or False? In eukaryotes, DNA replication happens exclusively in the same direction as that of unwinding (3'->5') and therefore only one strand is replicated each time. True or False? Meiosis I and Meiosis II are the two phases of DNA replication in bacteria. True or False?