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The tympanic membrane, or eardrum, is a structure that separates the external and middle parts of the ear (see the figure). It is sensitive to and vibrates in response to changes in air pressure and transmits these vibrations to other structures in the inner ear that lead to the sensation of hearing. Under normal conditions, the pressure on the inside and outside of the tympanic membrane are kept approximately equal. The auditory tube, also called the Eustachian tube, is responsible for this equilibration. However, rapid changes in external pressure can cause large pressure differentials on the tympanic membrane, causing it to rupture. A differential force across the eardrum membrane as little as 5.0 N can cause a rupture. (a) If the cross-sectional area of the membrane is 1.0 cm², what is the maximum tolerable pressure difference between the external and inner ear? (b) Based on your answer in part (a), to what maximum depth could a person dive in fresh water before rupturing an eardrum? Experienced divers can actually go much deeper than the answer to (b) by using techniques to equilibrate the pressure on the inside and outside of the membrane as they dive. (a) Number i (b) Number i Auricle External acoustic meatus Elastic cartilages Auditory ossicles Tympanic membrane Units Semicircular canals Units Tympanic cavity The Anatomy of the Ear Oval window Vestibule î Auditory tube ✪ Vestibulocochlear nerve -Cochlea Round window

The tympanic membrane, or eardrum, is a structure that separates the external and middle parts of the ear (see the figure). It is sensitive to and vibrates in response to changes in air pressure and transmits these vibrations to other structures in the inner ear that lead to the sensation of hearing. Under normal conditions, the pressure on the inside and outside of the tympanic membrane are kept approximately equal. The auditory tube, also called the Eustachian tube, is responsible for this equilibration. However, rapid changes in external pressure can cause large pressure differentials on the tympanic membrane, causing it to rupture. A differential force across the eardrum membrane as little as 5.0 N can cause a rupture. (a) If the cross-sectional area of the membrane is 1.0 cm², what is the maximum tolerable pressure difference between the external and inner ear? (b) Based on your answer in part (a), to what maximum depth could a person dive in fresh water before rupturing an eardrum? Experienced divers can actually go much deeper than the answer to (b) by using techniques to equilibrate the pressure on the inside and outside of the membrane as they dive. (a) Number i (b) Number i Auricle External acoustic meatus Elastic cartilages Auditory ossicles Tympanic membrane Units Semicircular canals Units Tympanic cavity The Anatomy of the Ear Oval window Vestibule î Auditory tube ✪ Vestibulocochlear nerve -Cochlea Round window

Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
10th Edition
ISBN:9781337553292
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Chapter14: Fluid Mechanics
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 46AP: Review. In a water pistol, a piston drives water through a large tube of area A1 into a smaller tube...
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The tympanic membrane, or eardrum, is a structure that separates the external and middle parts of the ear (see the figure). It is sensitive to and vibrates in response to changes in air pressure and transmits these vibrations to other structures in the inner ear that lead to the sensation of hearing. Under normal conditions, the pressure on the inside and outside of the tympanic membrane are kept approximately equal. The auditory tube, also called the Eustachian tube, is responsible for this equilibration. However, rapid changes in external pressure can cause large pressure differentials on the tympanic membrane, causing it to rupture. A differential force across the eardrum membrane as little as 5.0 N can cause a rupture. (a) If the cross-sectional area of the membrane is 1.0 cm², what is the maximum tolerable pressure difference between the external and inner ear? (b) Based on your answer in part (a), to what maximum depth could a person dive in fresh water before rupturing an eardrum? Experienced divers can actually go much deeper than the answer to (b) by using techniques to equilibrate the pressure on the inside and outside of the membrane as they dive. (a) Number (b) Number Auricle External acoustic meatus Elastic cartilages Auditory ossicles Units Semicircular canals Units Tympanic cavity Tympanic membrane The Anatomy of the Ear Oval window Vestibule <> Auditory tube <> Vestibulocochlear nerve Cochlea Round window
Transcribed Image Text:The tympanic membrane, or eardrum, is a structure that separates the external and middle parts of the ear (see the figure). It is sensitive to and vibrates in response to changes in air pressure and transmits these vibrations to other structures in the inner ear that lead to the sensation of hearing. Under normal conditions, the pressure on the inside and outside of the tympanic membrane are kept approximately equal. The auditory tube, also called the Eustachian tube, is responsible for this equilibration. However, rapid changes in external pressure can cause large pressure differentials on the tympanic membrane, causing it to rupture. A differential force across the eardrum membrane as little as 5.0 N can cause a rupture. (a) If the cross-sectional area of the membrane is 1.0 cm², what is the maximum tolerable pressure difference between the external and inner ear? (b) Based on your answer in part (a), to what maximum depth could a person dive in fresh water before rupturing an eardrum? Experienced divers can actually go much deeper than the answer to (b) by using techniques to equilibrate the pressure on the inside and outside of the membrane as they dive. (a) Number (b) Number Auricle External acoustic meatus Elastic cartilages Auditory ossicles Units Semicircular canals Units Tympanic cavity Tympanic membrane The Anatomy of the Ear Oval window Vestibule <> Auditory tube <> Vestibulocochlear nerve Cochlea Round window
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