The Tibetans and Han Chinese share several genetic traits and DNA. However, the EPAS1 gene, which increases the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen even in low oxygen environments, is only commonly found in the Tibetan population that live in higher elevations. Explain why this gene is only common in Tibetan populations from the perspective of competitive advantage and natural selection

The Tibetans and Han Chinese share several genetic traits and DNA. However, the EPAS1 gene, which increases the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen even in low oxygen environments, is only commonly found in the Tibetan population that live in higher elevations. Explain why this gene is only common in Tibetan populations from the perspective of competitive advantage and natural selection

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter10: From Proteins To Phenotypes

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 23QP

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The Tibetans and Han Chinese share several genetic traits and DNA. However, the EPAS1 gene, which increases the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen even in low oxygen environments, is only commonly found in the Tibetan population that live in higher elevations. Why this gene is only common in Tibetan populations from the perspective of competitive advantage and natural selection.
Galactosemia is a rare autosomal recessive disease that causes mental retardation. Individuals with galactosemia never reproduce. In a large human population the frequency of individuals with galactosemia is 1 in 118 000, Calculate the rate of mutation to the galactosemia allele, assuming mutation-selection equilibrium in the population.
Imagine that the volcano on Mt. St. Helens erupts again. All life is removed from the side of the mountain and has to recolonize. Your first task as a geneticist for United States Forest Service is to estimate the frequency of the red allele in the lupine plants that colonize the site. You know that the lupine seeds came from a nearby population where the frequency of the red allele has consistently been approximately 0.2 for many generations. However, in the first year (i.e. first generation, before any local reproduction) on Mt. St. Helens, the red allele of this newly colonized population has a frequency of 0.9. What is the most likely explanation for this difference in allele frequency from the nearby population?
The tiny frog Paedophryne amauensis was discovered by researchers purposefully searching for the source of an unusual sound, but sometimes similarity between two species can lead scientists to accidental discoveries. A previously unknown species of wild cat was inadvertently discovered by researchers who were sequencing the DNA of a house cat–sized South American wild cat called the tigrina. The DNA analysis revealed that many alleles found in the supposed tigrinas living in northeastern Brazil are not shared with other tigrinas. This finding suggested that the northeastern cats do not interbreed with other tigrinas and are therefore a different species. What prevents the two species from interbreeding?
The Chatham Islands are about 850 kilometers off the coast of New Zealand. One species of bird living on the islands, the black robin (Petroica traversi), in 1980 there were only 5 individuals left. Currently, there are already 200 black robins living there: all from a single pair. Using the "fingerprint" method of blood cell DNA, it was proved that all the robins of this species are genetically identical according to the studied gene sequences. They thrive here today. Even 70 percent young survive. And on the continent, only 42% of young Petroica australis survive.. a) i) What can you say about the taxonomic links between the Chatam Islands and the mainland robins in terms of the scientific names of these birds? ii) What could have ever influenced the separation of the two robin populations?
Imagine that you travel around the world and find two populations of fish that look very similar, but one one population lives in a cold climate and is very cold-resistant (produces an antifreeze protein), while the other population lives in warm climate and is not cold-resistant (and does not produce the antifreeze protein). Okay, let's try to figure out how we would decide what the difference between the two populations of fish is - why one is cold-resistant (and produces an antifreeze protein), and the other is not cold-resistant (and does not produce the antifreeze protein). Which of the below results from some experiments you did would lead you to conclude that the difference between the two fish evolved by phenotypic plasticity? Group of answer choices A-Embryos from fish that grew up in the warm climate were raised in the cold climate. They produced the antifreeze protein and were cold-resistant. B-A mutation in the cold-resistant fish was discovered that is not…
Taita thrush is an endangered bird endemic to Kenya. Galbusera and colleagues genotyped Taita thrush individuals from three populations at microsatellite markers. You have a museum specimen, and you want to determine which population it most likely to came from. You determine that the museum specimen is homozygous for two microsatellite alleles (A₁ and B₁). The frequencies of each allele in each population are shown in the table below. Population Chawia Mbololo Allele A₁ 0.6471 0.7063 0.6204 Allele B₁ 0.2917 0.1863 0.4000 Ngangao What is the probability that your individual comes from each of the three populations?
The red wolf (Canis rufus) was once widespread in the southeastern United States but was declared to be extinct in the wild. Biologists bred captive red wolf individuals and reintroduced them into areas of eastern North Carolina, where they are federally protected as endangered species. The current wild population is estimated to be about 100 individuals. However, a new threat to red wolves has arisen: hybridization with coyotes (Canis latrans), which have become more numerous in the areas inhabited by red wolves. Although red wolves and coyotes differ in morphology and DNA, they are capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. Social behavior is the main reproductive barrier between the species and is more easily overcome when same-species mates are rare. For this reason, some people think that the endangered status of the red wolf should be withdrawn and resources should not be spent to protect what is not a “pure” species. Do you agree? Why or why not?
Introgression from Neandertal and Denisovan relatives in our past has resulted in many humans around the world having alleles derived from these extinct ancestors. Describe one allele attributed to Neandertals and one allele attributed to Denisovans in humans today. For your descriptions, include the role of the gene(s) that the allele is(are) linked to, what benefit or feature they are proposed to contribute to, and the population(s) that carry the allele. A Denisovan or Neandertal haplotype would also be suitable.
Name crickets remain unnoticed by the parasitoid flies. To test this idea, Robin dissected the otS males to look for fly larvae. She compared A infection levels for 67 normal males- collected before the flatwing mutation appeared in the population-to 122 flatwing males that she collected after the flatwing mutation appeared. She expected fewer males to be infected by the parasitoid fly after the appearance of the flatwing mutation in the cricket population. Scientific Questions: Why do most male crickets on Kauai have flat wings? Could parasitoid flies have contributed to the loss of song for male crickets? Figure 2: A parasitoid fly, Ormia ochracea, sitting on top of its cricket host, Teleogryllus oceanicus. What is the hypothesis? Find the hypothesis in the text and underline it. A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for an observation, which can then be tested with experimentation or other types of studies. Scientific Data: Use the data below to answer the scientific questions:…
Question 51 of 51 Click Submit to complete this assessment. Question 51 You have been doing extensive research for 30 years on the frequency of coat colors (black, gray, white) in a guinea pig population located in the Andes Mountains. You suspect that your guinea pig population is undergoing stabilizing selection. If this is the case, what would you expect to find when you graph your data? Select all that apply.A) Two peaks, one at each end of the graph.B) A graph with a single peak towards the far right.C) A graph with a single tall and narrow peak located in the center.D) A graph indicating gray guinea pigs have an advantage over black guinea pigs and white guinea pigs.E) A graph indicating that gray guinea pigs are being selected against.
Icefishes live in the Southern Ocean, which encircles Antarctica. Icefishes have evolved to produce antifreeze proteins which prevent ice crystals from forming in their blood, when ocean temperatures drop below the freezing point of fresh water. The antifreeze proteins, which are produced in different amounts (high, medium and low) in different fishes, help them live in the cold waters. What are the different variations of the antifreeze protein present in the population of icefish? 2. Out of the variations which one is the favorable trait in the environment of the icefish? 3. Which icefishes will natural selection select for? 4. How will the icefish population in very cold waters, change over time? 5. Describe the adaptation in icefish (in terms of allele frequency and reproductive fitness)