The reaction below is a base-catalyzed aldol reaction. O || CH₂-C-H CH3-C-H Ethanal (Acetaldehyde) H I CH3-C-H Ethanal (Acetaldehyde) NaOH Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in the step of the mechanism shown below. Arrow-pushing Instructions AC⇒x= :O: || :CH₂-C-H OH Bl CH3-CH—CH2-CH -CH₂-1-1 a 3-Hydroxybutanal (B-hydroxyaldehyde; formed as a racemic mixture) :0:* :0: || CH3—CH—CH2-C-H A tetrahedral carbonyl addition intermediate X

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Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

Alkanes are saturated organic compounds which are made up of C and H atoms. Alkanes have the general formula of CnH2n+2. Alkane contains sp3 hybridized carbon atoms with four sigmas (σ) bonds & every hydrogen atom is connected with one of the carbon atoms. The size of the alkane could be determined by the number of carbon atoms located in it.