The overall absolute increase in breast cancers diagnosed among current and recent users of any hormonal contraceptives was 13 (95% CI, 10 to 16) per 100,000 person-years, or approximately 1 extra breast cancer for every 7690 women using hormonal contraception for 1 year”. What is the term used in epidemiology which describes this sentence? Please calculate this number and comment on its magnitude.
Q: Who was left out by watson and crick when they wrote their paper about the structure of dna
A: Watson and Crick gave the double stranded DNA model. According to this model DNA is a double helical…
Q: True or False: Change in nutrition often reflects the effects of medical conditions and social and…
A: The process of consuming food and obtaining essential nutrients and energy from it is termed…
Q: "What are one of the main traits that make bacteria and archaea unique in comparison to protists,…
A: Bacteria and archaea are two domains of prokaryotic microorganisms that are among the most abundant…
Q: Classify the following as either Sexual or Asexual Reproduction. Give the specific type of asexual…
A: Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes to create offspring with a unique…
Q: prevent (3pts) Chelators are compounds that bind tightly to specific ions an eliciting a biochemical…
A: Chelators are molecules that bind to metal ions and help to facilitate the transport of them across…
Q: How many coccus cells (0.0005 mm in diameter) could fit across the entire FOV of the 100x objective…
A: Introduction Magnification is the ratio of the apparent size of an object to its actual size. In…
Q: What is the incidence, prevalence, and mortality rate with chickenpox?
A: Varicella, also known as chickenpox, is a very contagious viral infection. The result is an itchy…
Q: Hemophilia in humans is due to an X-chromosome mutation. What will be the result of mating a…
A: Introduction Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that affects the blood's ability to clot normally.…
Q: A man with Type A blood mates with a woman who has Type B blood. Which of the following progeny is…
A: Alleles are the alternative forms of a gene that are located on the same locus of a homologous…
Q: Ciliates like Paramecium typically reproduce asexually. Which process in Paramecium results in…
A: Paramecium is a unicellular eukaryote. It is grouped under protists. Two nucleus are present in…
Q: 1. The northern hairy-nosed wombat has experienced historical population declines, though population…
A: Introduction :- A population is a group of individuals of the same species living in a particular…
Q: A cross was made between a white male dog and two different black females. The first female gave…
A: Given that, First cross is made between white male dog and black female. The result of this cross…
Q: Heart Murmur What causes it? Describe the exact damage to the heart. How is it treated? With…
A: Heart murmurs are noises produced by the heart's fast, choppy blood flow. A stethoscope is a tool…
Q: What is the sole source of energy used by the body for muscle contraction? Where does the chemical…
A: Every biological cell requires some kind of energy for proper growth, development, and…
Q: It has been suggested that a high-sugar diet may lead to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Explain?
A: Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disorder where people who do not drink…
Q: Blood of a 12 -year old boy presents low concentration of uric acid and accumulation of xanthine and…
A: Introduction :- Xanthine is a naturally occurring compound that is a type of purine, which is a…
Q: what are the positive and negative results of the endospore stain procedure?
A: Endospore staining: Endospore staining is a method used to selectively stain bacterial endospores.…
Q: Do you expect worms with defects in unc-17 to become hyper-contracted and paralyzed by levamisole
A: UNC-17 is a gene that encodes for a protein called vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) in…
Q: What are examples of Foucault‚Äôs concept of Biopower being the optimization of the Mechanics of…
A: Foucault's concept of biopower is a distinct form of power that focuses on the optimization and…
Q: List of Common Blood Additives (Anticoagulants)
A: Anticoagulants are substances or drugs that prevent the formation of blood clots in the circulatory…
Q: If you have a population of wolves where 36% of the population has the dom allele for brown eyes (B)…
A: The Hardy-Weinberg principle describes the relationship between allele frequencies in a population…
Q: 1. Explain the importance of doing a macroscopic examination of feces. 2. What are the different…
A: Macroscopic examination is a diagnostic technique used in medicine, biology, and other scientific…
Q: 1. Consider the following cross concerning 4 different gene loci: AaBbCcDd (x) AabbCcdd a. From this…
A: We are given genotype of two parents & we are to determine the genotype of certian genotypes. As…
Q: Could You explain how Microsytic and macrosytic anemia is caused by beta thalasemia, or iron…
A: We know that anemia is a decrease in the total number of erythrocytes in circulating blood or we can…
Q: Using your phylogenetics knowledge from the first exam material , how was the approximate time of…
A: Introduction: A species' or group's evolutionary history is known as its phylogeny. There are…
Q: Select All That Apply (SATA) question. What do male Drosophila (fruit flies) have that females do…
A: Fly species belonging to the taxonomic order Diptera and family Drosophilidae include Drosophila…
Q: 6. Which of the following is not a good way to manage stress if you are an expectant mother and in a…
A: A multitude of factors must come together in order for a baby to be born. The development of a human…
Q: Indicate whether each of the following statements related is likely to be true or false. [ Select 1…
A: Proper regulation of the cell cycle is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis, ensuring proper…
Q: DNA synthesis
A: DNA synthesis is the process of creating deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules, either naturally or…
Q: In a hypothetical bird species, the males' circulating blood levels of testosterone stay relatively…
A: Testosterone is a hormone that is primarily produced by the testes in males and the ovaries in…
Q: From NTSA case study https://static.nsta.org/case_study_docs/case_studies/cystic_fibrosis.pdf…
A: In the story (pdf), we are given the information that Nancy does not suffer from cystic fibrosis but…
Q: Which of the following is the correct order of components in a reflex? Place in correct order…
A: Reflex arc is an involuntary response. It does not occur according to our will. It is a sudden…
Q: write a sick note on walking pneumonia. write a note addressed to your child’s teacher about why…
A: Pneumonia is a type of respiratory infection that affects the lungs. It is caused by bacteria,…
Q: What is sustainability for you? Give 4 examples to differentiate between sustainable vs.…
A: Sustainability with context to biotechnology means that the products which are economical, social…
Q: Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. In a cell exposed to cyanide, most…
A: ATP production is the process by which cells convert energy from nutrients into ATP, which is used…
Q: Why is bulk transport important to cells? Among the three types bulk transport of molecules which do…
A: Bulk transport is defined as the controlled movement of large molecules, macromolecules, or…
Q: You perform a genetic analysis of 73 school children. Your results indicate that 13 are homozygous…
A: Introduction :- In genetics, homozygous recessive refers to an individual who has two copies of the…
Q: What does selection strength mean in nucleotide selectivity? How to calculate it?
A: Introduction Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and RNA, which are the genetic material…
Q: Please assist me because I'm not sure I understand. What are the excellent sentences in this…
A: This response provides a clear and concise explanation of the differences between inductive and…
Q: What types of species are more likely to undergo rapid evolutionary change, and what types of…
A: Introduction :- Evolution is the process of change in the inherited characteristics of species over…
Q: I. Unwinding of DNA and formation of replication fork II. Proofreading of strands and replacing any…
A: Introduction: DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA…
Q: 20. To use a Punnett Square, you will need to know both of the parents'. phenotypes genotypes…
A: Punnet Square: A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the probability of an offspring…
Q: Chemical processes are constantly occurring in the environment. Most are impacted by human…
A: Antibiotics are a class of medications that are used to treat bacterial infections. They work by…
Q: Is there anything which you would be personally wary of following a vegan diet? Why? Use reliable…
A: Answer: The possibility of dietary deficiencies, notably in vitamin B12, iron, calcium, and omega-3…
Q: State and explain in detail the gram negative Escherichia coli structure, morphology, arrangement…
A: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium…
Q: Due to the redundancy of the genetic code small mutations can occur without having any effect on the…
A: ANSWER) The reductancy in the genetic code small mutations can result without affecting the proteins…
Q: Which is not a factor of distortion? DNA, pressure, temperature, chemicals
A: Here we need to figure out that from the supplied possibilities which is not a factor of…
Q: 7. When doing Tissue Culture, it is essential that you understand how cells communicate with each…
A: Cellular interactions in tissue culture involve a complex interplay between cells and their…
Q: 4. Search up for some common alleles for alpha and beta thalassemia respectively. At which level of…
A: Introduction :- Thalassemia is a genetic disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin, the…
Q: Damage to genomic DNA could result in each of the following except for? Inactivation of s cdk;…
A: Introduction :- Chromosome condensation is the process by which the DNA in a eukaryotic cell's…
“The overall absolute increase in breast cancers diagnosed among current and recent users of any hormonal contraceptives was 13 (95% CI, 10 to 16) per 100,000 person-years, or approximately 1 extra breast cancer for every 7690 women using hormonal contraception for 1 year”. What is the term used in epidemiology which describes this sentence? Please calculate this number and comment on its magnitude.
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- For items 42-43, refer to the given data below:Janel is a 31-year-old woman who has a positive screening mammogram. She consulted an oncologist about the chance of this being actual breast cancer. Janel was referred for mammography because of a suspiciousbreast mass that has doubled its size over the past 3 months. Lesions were also noted. Among 1000 hypothetical patients with a similar presentation, about 30% are estimated to have actual breast cancer. Assume that mammography has a sensitivity of 98% and 95% specificity for detecting breast cancer. 42. Given Janel’s clinical presentation and a positive diagnostic mammogram, what is the probability that shehas actual breast cancer?A. 10.65% B. 30% C. 89.36% D. 91.21%For breast cancer detection, we use high voltage x-ray (mammography). False truePlease explain in detail why the following risk factors may promote the pathogenesis of breast cancer Risk Factors- Age +60 years- Obesity- Alcohol- Family history of breast cancer- Inheritance of mutated BRCA genes.
- Match the STD with their descriptions. Question 24 options: leading cause of PID; bacteria ~95% of all USA infected leading cause of cervical cancer prior to vaccine and ~79,100,000 (~30%) of USA infected or newly infected each year; basically, 50% of USA infected leads to AIDS; 1,144,500 people infected in the USA ~20% of all USA infected, (~1 in 5 people) 1. HIV 2. HSV-1 3. HSV-2 4. HPV 5. Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeaeA lady who has been working as a nuclear medicine technician for 30 years is diagnosed with colon cancer. She is a nonsmoker and known of no exposure to other risk factors of colocancer. If the estimated excess relative risk of colon cancer in that lady is 0.11, their at the estimated probability of causation of colon cancer due to radiation in the lady?Make a Drug study in the following scenario Rose is a 25 year old G2 P1 on her 39th week of pregnancy. Rose came in the labor room at 8:00 am on active labor. Vital signs : BP- 120/ 85 , Pulse = 85, RR 25 Temperature = 37.2 C,. Fundic height = 37 cm. Nurse Mark had done the vaginal exam and showed 4 cm cervical dilatation. Fetal heart beat taken by Doppler was 156 beats / min. CTG was ordered and Rose was attached to the machine, Tracing showed several decelerations at each contraction, At 12 noon, Nurse Mark checked the vital signs and recorded the following : BP= 135/85, pulse 90 , RR = 25 Temperature 37.4 C, IE = 8 cm dilatation,. While Nurse Mark was preparing Rose for delivery, Dr. Ben the Obstetrician ,came and reminded the nurse to prepare standby 10 units of syntocinon to be incorporated in 500 ml of D5 LR post delivery. The Physician likewise ordered a standby 50 mg of Tramadol IM and this will be given after delivery. After 30 mins, Bag of water burst and a…
- 8-6. Identifying Study Subjects A study entitled “Antidepressant Medication and Breast Cancer Risk” (Amer. J. of Epi, late 1990’s) stated in the methods section of the paper that “Cases were an age-stratified (< 50 and ≥ 50 years of age) random sample of women aged 25-74 years diagnosed with primary breast cancer during 1995 and 1996 (pathology report confirmed) and recorded in the population-based Ontario Cancer Registry. As the 1-year survival for breast cancer is 90%, surrogate respondents were not used. Population controls, aged 25-74 years, were randomly sampled from the property assessment rolls of the Ontario Ministry of Finance; this database includes all home owners and tenants and lists age, sex, and address.” Discuss the authors’ approach to the identification of cases with respect to the potential for selection bias. Discuss the authors’ approach to the identification of controls with respect to the potential for selection bias. Does the decision not to allow surrogate…The following paragraph is taken from the National Cancer Institute’s web site on the PSA test for prostate cancer. The paragraph is the complete discussion of false positive PSA results offered on the web site. • What are some of the limitations of the PSA test? • False-positive tests: False-positive test results (also called false positives) occur when the PSA level is elevated but no cancer is actually present. False positives may lead to additional medical procedures that have potential risks and significant financial costs and can create anxiety for the patient and his family. Most men with an elevated PSA test result turn out not to have cancer; only 25 to 35 percent of men who have a biopsy due to an elevated PSA level actually have prostate cancer. Is the last sentence in the paragraph immediately above about false positives as the paragraph is entitled or is it about the left-hand side of Bayes Theorem? Explain.The PAP test looks for early cervical cancer warning symptoms. False or true?
- In a 55 year old female breast cancer patient whose tumor cells are estrogen sensitive, which of the following chemotherapeutic agents is most likely to control the breast tumor growth but predispose the patient to endometrial cancer? Group of answer choices Tamoxifen Raloxifene Fulvestrant BexaroteneDrug “A” powder has been effective as a combination therapy against colon cancer. The following drugs are administered for metastatic colon cancer over a 4-week period, with the cycle repeating every 6 weeks.Drug “A” 125 mg/m2 IV, D-1, 8,15, 22Fluorouracil 500 mg/m2 IV, D-1, 8,15, 22Leucovorin 20 mg/m2 IV, D-1, 8, 15, 22If Drug “A” is available in an injection containing 20 mg/mL, and fluorouracil is available in an injection containing 50 mg/mL. Calculate how many milliliters of each of the two injections would be used during atreatment cycle for a patient determined to have a BSA of 1.7 m2.21% 7:59 +233 20 775 0585 Augnstaisug.59laMgh/portal UNIVERSITY OF GHANA 下吃 197 Case study on symptom management Madam FD 48 years was admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of Metastatic Right Breast Cancer with metastasis to the Lung causing pleural effusion on the right chest. She reported with history of breathlessness for 2days, multiple lumps in the right breast & Chest wall spreading over the entire chest wall for the past 3 months, She has been unable to sleep for the past 3 weeks She had received a total of 14 cycles of Chemotherapy but due to COVID 19 restrictions she defaulted on her appointments. 1. Describe how you will assess the patient using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment system 2. What questions will you ask to further probe the symptoms reported? 3. What will be the goal and specific objectives for the care of madam FD 4. What physical examination findings will you report? Additional resources for assignment