The incidence of cancer ---- with age. a. increases b. decreases 8. Familial colon cancer --- Knudson’s two-hit hypothesis about cancer. a. supports b. defies please answer both.
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7. The incidence of cancer ---- with age.
a. increases b. decreases
8. Familial colon cancer --- Knudson’s two-hit hypothesis about cancer.
a. supports b. defies
please answer both.
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- 1. Laverdia-CA1 (verdinexor tablets) is an oral drug for the treatment of canine ______. A. Osteosarcoma B. Mammary gland carcinoma C. Lymphoma D. Hemangiosarcoma 2. How is the drug Stelfonta (tigilanol tiglate) administered for treatment of canine mast cell tumors? A. Injection into the tumor B. Infusion C. Orally D. Transdermal 3. How many dogs were part of the CANDiD clinical validation study for the next-generation sequencing-based liquid biopsy test? A. 10 B. 100 C. 500 D. Over 1,000The chapter points out that about one of every five women and one of every four men in the United States will die from cancer. Why arerates of death from cancer different in men and women? Provide some possible explanations. 3. A couple has one child with bilateral retinoblastoma. The mother is free from cancer, but the father has unilateral retinoblastoma and he has a brother who has bilateral retinoblastoma. a. If the couple has another child, what is the probability that this next child will have retinoblastoma? b. If the next child has retinoblastoma, is it likely to be bilateral or unilateral? c. Explain why the father’s case of retinoblastoma is unilateral, whereas his son’s and brother’s cases are bilateral2. Bill, 85 years old dx with terminal cancer wants to live but is worried about the quality of his life. His options are 1. Chemotherapy will extend his life for 2-3 years ($100,000/year). 2. New cancer Rx will extend his life for 5 years ($400,000/year) 3. He would sell everything but would only have enough money for 1 year of the new drug Chemo which would cost $300,000 for 3 years while New RX will cost $2 million. Which option should he choose and why?
- Question 1. Describe and explain the epidemiological evidence supporting the view that cancer develops through a multi-step process involving increasingly severe stages.. Question 2. Describe and explain the genetic evidence supporting the view that cancer develops through a multi-step process involving increasingly severe stages.33. Which of these are true about cancer stem cells (CSC)? A. Short-lived B. Do not survive initial treatments of chemotherapy and radiotherapy C. Resistant to conventional chemotherapies and radiotherapy D. A and B E. None of the aboveCancer cells are distinguished from other normal cells by (select all that apply!): a. having abnormal nuclei. b. inducing angiogenesis. ☐ c. dividing uncontrollably. d. having mutations in their tumor-suppressor genes.
- 13. Myeloma is a cancer that occurs in the A. supportive tissues. B. glands or nodes. C. plasma cells of bone marrow. ____ 14. Plantar fasciitis is an inflammation of the sole of the foot. A. True B. False ____ 15. The appendix is located in the right upper quadrant. A. True B. FalseOur government has finite funds to devote to cancer research.Discuss which of the following areas of research you think shouldreceive the most funding.A. Identifying and characterizing oncogenes and tumorsuppressorgenesB. Identifying agents in our environment that cause cancerC. Identifying viruses that cause cancer D. Devising methods aimed at killing cancer cells in the bodyE. Informing the public of the risks involved in exposure tocarcinogensIn the long run, in which of these areas would you expect successfulresearch to be the most effective in decreasing human mortalitydue to cancer?3. What makes Teratomas so different from other types of cancers? A. Easily diagnosable B. Has a higher chance of passing to the next generation C. Is very hard to diagnose, as it defies all the possible ways of tumor classification D. Infectious
- Answer the following multiple-choice questions about cancer-promoting mutations. A gene whose mutant alleles function in a recessive way to predispose an individual’s cells to develop into cancer is called: A. a polymerase B. a proto-oncogene C. a tumor suppressor D. an oncogene EXPLAIN in 1-2 sentences:A child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of Wilms tumor, stage II. Which of the following statements most accurately describes this stage? A. The tumor is less than 3 cm. in size and requires no chemotherapy. B. The tumor did not extend beyond the kidney and was completely resected. C. The tumor extended beyond the kidney but was completely resected. D. The tumor has spread into the abdominal cavity and cannot be resected.A cell in this stage of cancer no longer makes the set of proteins that is was originally instructed to make but has not migrated into surrounding tissues; thus at this stage a tissue specific protein production profile could be used to identify a cancer. a. carcinoma, in situ b. dysplasia c. hyperplasia d. malignant tumor