The following is a set of special conditions:(a) True only for an ideal gas(b) True only for a reversible process(c) True only if S equals Stot(d) True only for an isothermal process happening at const. pressure(e) True only for an isothermal process occurring at const. volumeConsider each of the following statements, and indicate which of theabove conditions must apply in order for the statement to be true:(a) AU = 0(b) AH = 0 for an isothermal process(c) AStot = 0 for an adiabatic process=(d) AS > 0 for a spontaneous process(e) AG < 0 for a spontaneous process

**Statement (a): ΔU=0** - ΔU = 0 for a process generally implies that the internal energy of the…

Answered: The following is a set of special…

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781305079243

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl

Chapter16: Spontaneity, Entropy, And Free Energy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 121MP: Consider a sample containing 5.00 moles of a monatomic ideal gas that is taken from state A to state...

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A refrigerator contains approximately 17cubic feet, or about 480 liters, of air. Assuming it acts as an ideal gas with a molar CV of 12.47 J/mol.K, what is the change in U in cooling the air from normal room temperature 22C to refrigerator temperature 4C? Assume an initial pressure of 1.00 atm.
On complete combustion at constant pressure, a 1.00-L sample of a gaseous mixture at 0C and 1.00 atm (STP) evolves 75.65 kJ of heat. If the gas is a mixture of ethane (C2H6) and propane (C3H8), what is the mole fraction of ethane in the mixture?
9.54 The phase change between graphite and diamond is difficult to observe directly. Both substances can be hurned, however. From these equations, calculate H for the conversion of diamond into graphite. C(s,graphite)+O2(g)CO2(g) H= -393.51 kJ C(s,diamond)+O2(g)CO2(g) H= -395.94 kJ
Arrange the following sets of systems in order of increasing entropy. Assume one mole of each substance and the same temperature for each member of a set.. (a) H2(g), HBrO4(g), HBr(g). (b)H2O(l), H2O(g), H2O(s). (c) He(g), Cl2(g), P4(g)
Consider a balloon filled with helium at the following conditions. 313 g He 1.00 atm 1910. L Molar Heat Capacity = 20.8 J/C mol The temperature of this balloon is decreased by 41.6C as the volume decreases to 1643 L, with the pressure remaining constant. Determine q, w, and E(in KJ) for the compression of the balloon.
Hesss law is really just another statement of the first law of thermodynamics. Explain.
Consider a sample containing 5.00 moles of a monatomic ideal gas that is taken from state A to state B by the following two pathways: For each step, assume that the external pressure is constant and equals the final pressure of the gas for that step. Calculate q, w, E and H for each step in kJ, and calculate overall values for each pathway. Explain how the overall values for the two pathways illustrate that E and H are state functions, whereas q and w are path functions. Hint: In a more rigorous study of thermochemistry, it can be shown that for an ideal gas: E=nCvTand H=nCpT where Cv is the molar heat capacity at constant volume and Cp is the molar heat capacity at constant pressure. In addition, for a monatomic ideal gas, Cv=32R andCp=52R , where R = 8.3145 J/K mol.
9.63 Reactions of hydrocarhons are often studied in the petroleum industry. One example is 2C3H8(g)C6H6(l)+5H2(g) , with H = 698 kJ. If 35 L of propane at 25C and 0.97 atm is to be reacted, how much heat must he supplied?
For the process H2O(l)H2O(g) at 298 K and 1.0 atm, H is more positive than E by 2.5 kJ/mol. What does the 2.5 kJ/mol quantity represent?
A volume of 1.50 L of argon gas is confined in a cylinder with a movable piston under a constant pressure of 1.22 105 Pa. When 1.25 kJ of energy in the form of heat is transferred from the surroundings to the gas, the internal energy of the gas increases by 1.11 kJ. What is the final volume of argon gas in the cylinder?
Define the terms system and surroundings. What does it mean to say that a system and its surroundings are in thermal equilibrium?
9.47 If 14.8 kJ of heat is given off when 1.6 g of HCl condenses from vapor to liquid, what is Hcond for this substance?

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