The following figure represents the Marginal Abatement Cost curves of two paper towel factories: Unbleached Factory, Number 1 and Bleached Factory, Number 2 in the figure. Their MAC functions are: MAC1 = 6-1.5E1 and MAC2 = 6-0.75E2 E1 and E2 are the emissions of the two firms in tonnes.
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- Consider an industry with two firms that emit a uniformly mixed air pollutant (e.g., carbon dioxide). The marginal abatement cost functions for Firm 1 and Firm 2 are: MAC1 = 100 - e1 MAC2 = 100 - 4e2 Aggregate emissions for the industry are denoted as E = e1 + e2. [1] In an unregulated environment how many units of emissions does each firm emit? Firm 1’s unregulated level of emissions ____________ Firm 2’s unregulated level of emissions ____________ Total unregulated level of emissions ______________Consider two firms with the following marginal abatement costs (MAC) as a function of emissions (E): MAC 110-2E_1 MAC 2 = 16-4E_2. If both firms were forced to eliminate all of their emissions, their combined total abatement costs (TAC) would be Answer:Draw a diagram of the marginal abatement cost curve described by: MAC = 100 - 2E. What is the uncontrolled level of emissions? What is the marginal abatement cost of the 40thunit of abatement? What is the total abatement cost of 40 units of abatement?
- Consider two firms with the following marginal abatement costs (MAC) as a function of emissions (E): MAC1 = 10 - 2E1 MAC2 = 4 - E2 If both firms cut their emissions to zero, then total abatement costs (TAC) for both firms is ____. THE ANSWER IS NOT 17Following are the marginal abatement costs of three firms . Suppose each firm is currently emitting 10 tons / week , so the total emissions are 30 tons / week . Suppose we wish to reduce total emissions by 50 % , to 15 tons per week . The following table provides marginal abatement costs for each firm . a ) What is the total cost if each firm cuts total emission by 50 % from their current levels . b ) What is the total cost if the total emissions decrease by 50 % ( to 15 tons per week ) that meets the equi - marginal principle . c ) From the society's point , which method of reducing ( a or b above ) emissions is better ? Provide a reason .Suppose MAC functions for two firms, Firm 1 and Firm 2, are MAC₁= 60-2E₁and MAC₂-48-3E2 respectively. (i) Suggest the (socially) cost-effective way to set emission standards for the two firms to reduce their combined level of emissions to 20 units. [Note that we want only 20 units of emissions from the two firms at the end.] (ii) What is the sum of the abatement costs (or total social compliance costs) when emissions are reduced from the two firms to 20 units in the socially cost-effective manner by using emission standards. [This is related to part (i).] (iii) What emission tax rate applied simulataneously to the two firms reduces the combined level of emissions to 20 units from the two firms just as the cost-effective way to set standards? [This question needs to answered based on your answer(s) to part (ii).]
- Suppose we are happy with the current level of total emissions across two firms but, the current marginal abatement cost for firm 1 is $200 and the current marginal abatement cost for firm 2 is $250. Have we divided total emissions in the best way? Why or why not?Plants A and B emit 12 tons and 6 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), respectively. MAC(marginal abatement costs) for a = 12 - Ea, MACb=12-2Eb MD(marginal damage) = 1/3*E (E indicates CO2 emission) Suppose that the emission trading system is introduced and the right to emit 7 tons is given to power plant A and the right to emit 5 tons is given to power plant B. In order for emission permits to be traded, the price of one unit of emission permits must be at least a certain amount (minimum price) and conversely, how much must be less than a maximum (maximum price), that is, explain the fluctuation range of the emission permit price.Plants A and B emit 12 tons and 6 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), respectively. MAC(marginal abatement costs) for a = 12 - Ea, MACb=12-2Eb MD(marginal damage) = 1/3*E (E indicates CO2 emission) Suppose that the emission trading system is introduced and the right to emit 7 tons is given to power plant A and the right to emit 5 tons is given to power plant B. At this time, explain how the price of CO2 credits is determined and how much each power plant buys or sells.
- Attached is the marginal abatement costs of three firms, related to the quantity of emissions. Each firm is now emitting 10 tons per week, so total emissions are 30 tons per week. Suppose we wish to reduce emissions by 50 percent, to 15 tons per week. Compare the total cost of doing this: (a) with an equi-proportionate decrease in emissions (b) with a decrease that meets the equi-marginal principle.The figure below shows a single firm's marginal abatement cost when facing a per-unit emissions tax of t. Use the figure to answer the following questions: a. What area(s) represent the total abatement cost (TAC) of the firm under the tax b. What area(s) represent the total amount in taxes paid by the firm $ t a b ان 6 e1 e2 emissionsImagine a firm with a marginal abatement cost (MAC) function equal to: MAC = 32 - 4E. The government offers a $8 per-unit subsidy for abatement. In principle, the firm could ignore the subsidy and continue to emit as many emissions as it was in the absence of government intervention, but there is money to be made from cutting back its emissions. Compared to ignoring the subsidy, how much money could a cost-minimizing firm save or make by cutting back its emissions? (Hint: remember that firms trade off the benefits of the subsidy with the costs of abatement when deciding how much to abate) Answer: