The figure shows the level of genetic diversity at three loci in two species of elephant seals. Which statement can explain the data? 25 24 10 7 2 2 2 MHC mtDNA haplotypes (control region) (M2b locus) Microsatellite alleles (DQB locus) Northern elephant seal Southern elephant seal The northern elephant seals have a larger population size than the southern elephant seals. The northern elephant seals experience balancing selection at these loci and the southern elephant seals experience directional selection. All of the options O The northern elephant seals experienced a population bottleneck, but the 15
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- An allele of the G6PD gene acts in a recessive manner to cause sensitivity to fava beans, resulting in ahemolytic reaction (lysis of red blood cells) afteringestion of the beans. The same allele also confersdominant resistance to malaria. The heterozygote hasan advantage in a region where malaria is prevalent.Will the equilibrium frequency (qe) be the same foran African and a North American country? Whatfactors affect qe?In a certain population in the US, the frequency of CCR5-Δ32 homozygous individuals is 1%. Assuming genetic equilibrium, what is the frequency of heterozygotes in this population?Tristan da Cunha is a group of small islands in themiddle of the Atlantic Ocean. In 1814, a group of 15British colonists founded a settlement on these islands.In 1885, 15 of the 19 males on the island were lost ina shipwreck. In the late 1960s, four cases of retinitispigmentosa, which progressively leads to blindness,were found among the 240 descendants of these settlers remaining on the island. The frequency of retinitis pigmentosa in Britain is about 1 in 6000. Explainthe high incidence of this disease on Tristan daCunha relative to that seen in Britain.
- An anthropologist discovered that Papa new Guyana tribes that had given up the customs of cannibalism also had an avid aversion to grapefruit . The ability to taste the horridbitterness of PTC present in grapefruit respectively human brain tissue is due to a dominant alial. A small tribe of 637 Papa New Guinea hens was tested by a population geneticists the following results were displayed. Tasters Non-tasters Total Males 171 86 257 Females 337 43 380 Total 508 129 637 A.)Calculate the recessive ally of frequency (i)among males (ii) among females B.) calculate the amount of individuals being homeless sigus for tasting PTC, also the number of heterozygotes individuals and non tasters within the tribe. C.) another tribe still being cannibals trust past the territory of the other tribe they were captured killed and feasted on the brains of 50 PTC tasting males respectively 19 females as to access their abilities seen as a gift from gods.…Different species of crickets have distinct songs, andthey use these songs for mate recognition. Researcherscrossed two species of Hawaiian crickets (Laupala paranigra and L. kohalensis) whose songs are distinguishedby pulse rate (the number of pulses per second; Shaw etal., Molecular Ecology 16, 2007, 2879–2892.) Then, theymapped QTL in the F2 population derived from thiscross. Six autosomal QTL were detected. The mean traitvalues (pulses per second) at the three genotypic classesin the F2 for each QTL are shown in the table below,where P indicates the L. paranigra allele and K indicatesthe L. kohalensis allele.a. Calculate the additive (A) and dominance (D) effectsand the D/A ratio for each of the six QTL.b. Which of these QTL shows the greatest amount ofdominance?c. Which of these has the largest additive effect?d. The mean pulse rate for L. kohalensis is 3.72, and it is0.71 for L. paranigra. Do all six QTL act in the expecteddirection with the L. kohalensis allele conferring a…1.)The frequency of the R allele for round seeds in a certain population of 500 peas wasfound to be 0.45. How many of them were wrinkled? How many of them had the rr genotype? How many of them were round? 2.)In humans, a dominant allele controls the formation of a cleft chin, a Y-shaped fissurein the chin caused by an atypical bone formation in the mandible (this phenotypeis also known as a chin dimple). A survey of 1200 college students found that108 of them did not have a cleft chin. What was the frequency of heterozygotes inthat student population?
- Some individuals in a canine population is susceptible to disease X, which strikes the adults. The susceptibility is later found to be determined by a single locus, with the R allele dominant over the r allele, such that the rr individuals are susceptible to the disease and the others immune. A population genetic survey showed that 1% of the newborns carry the rr genotype. Also, an independent estimation showed that mutation rate converting R to r is 5 × 10-3 per generation. You suspected that the r allele frequency is maintained by mutation- selection balance (MSB). If your hypothesis of MSB is true, then what is the survival rate for the rr adults? (Note: the equilibrium allele frequency ĝ is calculated as ĝ where %3D u is the mutation rate and s is the selection coefficient.) 5% 50% 95% 99% None of the aboveA mountain region has a population of 5,000 mountain goats. You score these animals for the R locus and find that this locus has two alleles, R (dominant) and r (recessive). 3200 individuals are homozygous dominant, 1,600 are heterozygous, and 200 are homozygous recessive. A deadly virus infects all of the RR mountain goats in the population (above), killing all individuals of this genotype and leaving the population with only the rr and Rr mountain goats. a) Calculate the new allele frequencies for this population. Show your work. b) Calculate the new (observed) genotypic frequencies for this population. Show your work. c) Does this population still appear to be at H-W equilibrium? Why or why not? (You do not need to analyze this statistically).n class we investigated the reason cystic fibrosis is maintained in the human population in higher frequency than we expected given the deleterious effects of being homozygous at the CFTR gene. We calculated the actual mutation rate of the CFTR gene to be 6.7 x 10-7. The mutation rate expected under mutation-selection balance was 4 x 10-4. What is the most plausible explanation as to why cystic fibrosis is maintained in the human population at a higher frequency than we expect? a. Negative selection against the CFTR deleterious alleles is too weak to eliminate the alleles from the human population. b. Positive selection for the CFTR deleterious alleles is likely occurring in response to some other selective pressure in the human population, possibly resistance to typhoid fever. c. The CFTR gene has an exceedingly low mutation rate causing humans to have no genetic variation at that gene. d. The CFTR gene has an exceedingly high mutation rate and that is…
- Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium In 1975, in a population of 88 garter snakes on the coast of Oregon, 54 of them exhibit the recessive genotype are therefore not immune to the rough-skinned newt’s toxin. What is the frequency for the recessive genotype (q^2)?Steven Frank and Laurence Hurst argued that a cytoplasmically inherited mutation in humans that has severe effects in males but no effect in females will not be eliminated from a population by natural selection because only females pass on mtDNA (S. A. Frank and L. D. Hurst. 1996. Nature 383:224). Using this argument, explain why males with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy are more severely affected than females.The hemoglobin B gene (Hb) has a common allele (A) ofa SNP (rs334) that encodes the HbA form of (adult) hemoglobin and a rare allele (T ) that encodes the sicklingform of hemoglobin, HbS. Among 571 residents of a village in Nigeria, 440 were A/A and 129 were A/T, and 2were T/T individuals were observed. Use the χ2 test todetermine whether these observed genotypic frequencies fit Hardy–Weinberg expectations.