Suppose the market shares of Cola-Cola, Pepsi, Anheuser-Busch, Coors, and Miller were 40 percent, 25 percent, 15 percent, 15 percent, and 5 percent, respectively. In this case, the Concentration Ratio in the beverage industry would be a. 20% b. 80% c. 95% d. 100%
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- Suppose that a particular industry has a four-firm concentration ratio of 45 and a Herfindahi index of LS40. Most ikety, this industry would ochieve Mutipie Chaice both productive efficiency and allocative etficency wllocative efficency but not productive effcency nether productive efficiency nor allocative efficiency productive efficiency but not allocative efficiencyFirms J and K produce compact-disc players and compete againstone another. Each firm can develop either an economy player (E)or a deluxe player (D). According to the best available marketresearch, the firms’ resulting profits are given by the accompanyingpayoff table.a. The firms make their decision independently, and each is seeking itsown maximum profit. Is it possible to make a confident predictionconcerning their actions and the outcome? Explain.Firm KE DE 30, 55 50, 60 Firm JD 40, 75 25, 50b. Suppose that firm J has a lead in development and so can move first.What action should J take, and what will be K’s response?c. What will be the outcome if firm K can move first?usiness EconomicsQ&A LibraryTwo firms A and B produce an identical product (Note: Industry Output = Q). The firms have to decide how much output qA and qB (Note: qA = Firm A Output; qB = Firm B Output) they must produce since they are the only two firms in the industry that manufacture this product. Their marginal cost (MC) is equal to their average cost (AC) and it is constant at MC = AC = X, for both firms. Market demand is given as Q = Y – 2P (where P = price and Q = quantity). Select any value for X between [21 – 69] and any value for Y between [501 – 999]. Using this information, calculate the Industry Price, Industry Output, Industry Profit, Consumer Surplus and Deadweight Loss under each of the following models: (a) Cournot Model Two firms A and B produce an identical product (Note: Industry Output = Q). The firms have to decide how much output qA and qB (Note: qA = Firm A Output; qB = Firm B Output) they must produce since they are the only two firms in…
- Suppose an industry that has 10 firms. Below are the market shares for 2008 and 2013 of the 10 firms. Market Share Firms 2008 2013 A B C D E F G H I G 26% 21% 16% 10% 9% 7% 4% 3% 2% 2% 22% 23% 19% 9% 8% 7% 6% 4% 1% 1% Calculate the concentration ratio CR4 and the concentration ratio CR8 for 2008 and 2013 Calculate the Herfindahl-Hirschmann Index (HHI) for 2008 and 2013 Using the CR4, CR8, and HHI, analyze the evolution of the seller concentration in the industry. Has the industry become more or less concentrated? Using the CR4, CR8, and HHI, analyze the evolution of the potential market power of firms in the industry.1. Suppose you are the economic adviser ofa company producing three brands of mobile pnones;Nokia 10, Samsung X and iPhone 7. Suppose further that, your company currently sells 120units of iPhone Z at e800 per unit, 150 units of Samsung X at e800 per unit and 200 units ofNokia 10 at e100 per unit, but in a bid to maximize profit, the company's managing directorproposes an increase in price of Samsung X from e800 to e1000 per unit for which quantitydemanded is anticipated to fall from 150 to 100 units; iPhone Z from e800 to e 1200 per unitfor which quantity demanded is anticipated to fall from 120 to 100 units; and Nokia 10 from100 to 200 per unit for which quantity demanded is expected to fall from 200 to 100 unitsUsing the mid-polint formula. compute the price elasticity of demand for each brand.From your answer in i, what is the type and economic interpretatiom of each brand'sii.value of elasticity.2. Briefly explain any three key features of a Perfect Competitive and a Monopolistic…In the United States, antitrust laws O A. regard excess competition as a felony under Section 3 of the Sherman Act. O B. place a maximum limit of 125 firms that are allowed to compete in any market. O C. do not always prosecute firms if they have fixed their prices. D. do not allow one person to be a director of two competing firms if being a member "substantially lessens competition". E. break up a company if it is too large because "size itself is an offense."
- Kate and Alice are small-town ready-mix concrete duopolints. The market demand tunction is o- 20,000 - 200Pwhere Pis the price of a cubic yard of concrete and Ois the number of cubic yards demanded per year. Marginal cost is sa0 per cubic yard. Suppose Kate onters the market first and chooses her output belore Alice. What is the difference in Alice's profit when Kata enters the market tirst, compared to when they simultanecusly select ther outputa? When Kate entors the markat first, Alice's profit is $3,888.a0 lower. O When Kate enters the market fest, Alice's profit is 513,333.33 lower. O When Kate enters the market first, Alice's profit is $5,000 lower. O When Kate onters the market first, Alice's proft is $1.111.11 higher,Exercise 5. You are the manager for a monopoly with costs, demand, and marginal revenueas in the graph at the top on Figure 1. a. Suppose economic conditions change in such a way that the demand curve for yourcompany shifts left.b. Draw a demand curve on the bottom graph on Figure 1 that leads to zero economicprofits.c. Draw a demand curve on the bottom graph on Figure 1 such that any furtherleftward demand shift will cause you to shutdown.Return to Figure 9.2. Suppose P0 is $10 and P1 is$11. Suppose a new firm with the same LRAC curve asthe incumbent tries to break into the market by selling4,000 units of output. Estimate from the graph what thenew firm’s average cost of producing output would be.If the incumbent continues to produce 6,000 units, howmuch output would the two firms supply to the market?Estimate what would happen to the market price as aresult of the supply of both the incumbent firm andthe new entrant. Approximately how much profit wouldeach firm earn?
- May and Raj me the only two growers who provide organically grown corn to a local grocery store. They know that if they cooperated and produced less corn, they could raise the price of the com. If they work independently, they will each earn 100. If they decide to work together and both lower their output, they call each earn 150. If one person lowers output and the other does not, the person who lowers output will earn $1 and the other person will capture the entire market and will earn 200. Table 10.6 represents the choices available to Mary and Raj. What is the best choice for Raj if he is sole that Mary will cooperate? If Mary thinks Raj will cheat, what should Mary do and why? What is the prisoners dilemma result? What is the preferred choice if they could ensure cooperation? A = Work independently; B = Cooperate and Lower Output. (Each results entry lists Rajs earnings first, and Marys earnings second.)Is it true that the four-firm concentration ratio puts more emphasis on one or two very large films, while the Herfindahl-Hirshmau Index puts more emphasis on all the films in the entire market? Explain briefly.Return to Figure 9.2. Suppose P0 is 10 and P1 is 11. Suppose a new firm with the same LRAC curve as the incumbent tries to bleak into the market by selling 4,000 units of output. Estimate from the graph what the new firms average cost of producing output would be. If the incumbent continues. to produce 6,000 units, how much output would the two films supply to the market? Estimate what would happen to the market price as a result of the supply of both the incumbent firm and the new entrant. Approximately how much profit would each firm earn? Figure 9.2 Economics of Scale and Natural Monoploy
