Suppose that the production function in the Ramsey model is Y = AK" L-a. Determine the steady-state level of capital per worker. In David Card's 1990 paper on the Mariel Boatlift, he showed that a large influx of immigrants into Miami had little effect on wages. Explain how you would use this modified Ramsey model to explain this.
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- Consider the (long run') effects of inward labor migration in the Heckscher- Ohlin Model. Assume that the country trades and the relative price of two goods X and Y stavs constant. Assume X is relatively labor intensive. Intuitively explain how the increase in labor supply affects (relative) output of X and Y and how it affects factor prices ('Rybczynski Theorem'). You may want to use graphs.The Black Death: (a) Wages were higher after the Black Death because of diminishing returns. Our production model exhibits diminishing returns to labor: each additional unit of labor increases output by less and less. So if the amount of labor is reduced, the marginal product of labor — and hence the wage — increases. The reason is that capital stays the same: each remaining worker is able to work with more machines, so his productivity rises. In fourteenth-century Europe, the marginal workers could move to better land and discard old broken-down tools. Graphically, this can be seen by considering the supply-and-demand diagram for labor in Figure 4.2(b). If the supply of labor shifts back (because a large number of workers die), the equilibrium wage rate increases. Draw this graph — including the shift in the labor supply curve — to see the result for yourself. Mathematically, the result can be seen in the solution for the wage rate in our production model,…In a country called Uncle Sam Land (USL), the labor demand curve is given by: W = K - 4L Where W is the wage rate, K is a variable determined by accumulated capital stock in the country, and L is the labor force in the country. K = 500 is supplied by the capitalists in USL. Next to USL, is Aunt Lewis Land (ALL). ALL is poor and has a Dual Economy. A large numbers of workers in the agricultural sector there are not productive - they are disguised unemployed. They are looking for jobs. Wage in ALL is institutionally fixed at W = 10. Although USL had built a strong impenetrable border wall to prevent ALL migrants from moving in, a firm in USL, called "Coyote International," was able to fly over the impenetrable wall in a helicopter and bring job seekers from ALL who wanted to migrate to USL. As a result of this, USL labor force increases to 110 (L = 110 now). All workers work no matter what the wage is. What is the new national income in USL after migration takes place? O 6242 45000…
- Suppose in a particular labor market, the demand for labor is given by the equation LD = 180 – 3W and that the labor supply in this market for native-born citizens is given by LN = 3W, while the supply curve of immigrants in this market is given by LI = 2W, where L represents the number of workers, W is the wage expressed in real terms. Finally, suppose the production function can be represented by ?=100√L a. Assuming immigration is entirely prohibited, what are the equilibrium wage and employment level in this market? b. What would be the equilibrium wage and employment level in this market if immigration were completed legalized? c. How many jobs do natives lose as a result of this immigration? How much aggregate income is lost? d. Assuming the costs of capital in this market are zero, find the total profits to firms before and after immigration. What is the change in total profits? e. Compute the total output of this market before and after immigration. How much total output does…Consider the (‘long run’) effects of inward labor migration in the Heckscher-Ohlin Model. Assume that the country trades and the relative price of two goods X and Y stays constant. Assume X is relatively labor intensive.Intuitively explain how the increase in labor supply affects (relative) output of X and Y and how it affects factor prices (‘Rybczynski Theorem’).You may want to use graphs.“Factor prices determine factor proportions used in production of goods in the H-O model.”Explain with the help of a graph.
- Consider a simple demand-and-supply model of a competitive labour market in a small town. The demand and supply curves for labour are given by Demand: w= 22 - 3LD Supply: w=4+3LS where w is the wage ($ per hour) and L is the number of hours of employment (measured in thousands of hours per month). a. Use the line drawing tool to plot the demand and supply curves in the graph at the right. Use points with labour hours value of 0 and 5 to draw the lines. Label the lines properly. Carefully follow the instructions above, and only draw the required objects. C Wage ($ per hour) 24- 22- 20- 18- 16- 14- 12- 10- 8- 6- 4- 2- 0- 0 Labour Market 2 3 4 1 Labour (thousands of hours per month) + 5Consider the following model of the economy Production function: Y = AKN – N2/2Marginal product of labor: MPN = AK – N. Where the initial values of A = 8 and K = 10. The initial labor supply curve is given as: NS = 20 + 9w. Cd = 401 + .50(Y-T) – 500rId = 800 – 500rG = 500T= 100 Md/P = 469 + 0.5Y- 1000r Nominal Money supply M = 4000 We assume that expectedinflation is zero (?e?= 0) so that money demand depends directly onthe real interest rate (since i = r). 1 a) Solve for the labor market clearing real wage (w*), theprofit maximizing level of labor input (N*), and the full employment level ofoutput (Y*). Please show your work. Draw two diagrams verticallywith the labor market on the bottom graph and the production function on thetop graph. Be sure to label everything including this initial equilibrium pointas point A b) Derive an expression for the IS curve (r in terms of Y). Please show all work c) Find the real interest rate that clears the goods market. Please show all work…Consider a simple demand-and-supply model of a competitive labour market in a small town. The demand and supply curves for labour are given by Demand: w=24-3LD S Supply: w=6+3L where w is the wage ($ per hour) and L is the number of hours of employment (measured in thousands of hours per month). a. Use the line drawing tool to plot the demand and supply curves in the graph at the right. Use points with labour hours value of 0 and 5 to draw the lines. Label the lines properly. Carefully follow the instructions above, and only draw the required objects. Wage ($ per hour) 24- 22- 20- 18- 16- 14- 12- 10- 8- 6- 4- 2- 0- 0 Labour Market 2 3 4 Labour (thousands of hours per month) 5
- In the same model of the labour market as in the previous question, Select one or more: a. A rise in labour supply will lead to a rise in wages b. Given a constant mark-up a rise in labour productivity will lead to higher wages C. A rise in product market competition will lead to a higher mark-up Equilibrium employment is given by the intersection of the wage and profit curvesConsider an increase in the supply of labor due to immigration, and use the long-run model. Class example shows the box diagram and the leftward shift of the origin for the shoe industry. Redraw this diagram, but instead, shift to the right the origin for computers. That is, expand the labor axis by the amount AL = ½ L, but shift it to the right rather than to the left. With the new diagram, show how the amount of labor and capital in shoes and computers is determined, without any change in factor prices. What has happened to the amount of labor and capital used in each industry and to the output of each industry? Фс KSome economists believe that the US. economy as a whole can be modeled with the following production function, called the Cobb-Douglas production function: Y = AK¹/32/3 where Y is the amount of output K is the amount of capital, L is the amount of labor, and A is a parameter that measures the state of technology. For this production function, the marginal product of labor is MPL = (2/3) A(K/L)¹/³. Suppose that the price of output P is 2, A is 3, K is 1,000,000, and L is 1/100. The labor market is competitive, so labor is paid the value of its marginal product. a. Calculate the amount of output produced Y and the dollar value of output PY. b. Calculate the wage W and the real wage W/P. (Note: The wage is labor compensation measured in dollars, whereas the real wage is labor compensation measured in units of output)