Subject: Environmental Physiology True or false: Urine dilution by the loop of Henle is dependent on the length of the loop, being more diluted, the longer the loop.
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Subject: Environmental Physiology
True or false: Urine dilution by the loop of Henle is dependent on the length of the loop, being more diluted, the longer the loop.
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- A urinalysis reveals that the patients urine contains glucose, hemoglobin, and white blood cells (pus). Are any of these substances abnormal in urine? Explain.A patient comes to your medical practice with complaints of low urine output (not peeing). You use inulin to calculate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the following information: Plasma level (P – constant over 24 hours): 10 mg/mL inulin. Urine sample (U): 144 mg inulin/mL urine. Urine formation (V): 10 mL/min. Using the fromula GFR=V ✕ U/P, you calculate a GFR of ... A) 144mL/min.. B) 14400 mL/min. C) 144 min./mL. D) 144 g mannitol/min.Description for Thomas Addis:Scottish-American scientistIdentified the different types of castFirst attempt to standardize quantitation of formed elements in urine Which among the statements below is(are) CORRECT?The Rocking microtome was invented in 1881George Adams Jr was able to discover the effects of formaldehyde as a fixative Heat fixation is the best fixation method used in preserving tissuesNone of the above
- Give the clinical significance of detecting the following_parameters in urine Parameter Clinical significance pH Protein Glucose Ketones Blood Bilirubin Urobilinogen Nitrite Leukocyte esterase Specific GravityConsider a drug which is exogenous to the body. The drug is filtered, but not secreted, reabsorbed, or metabolised by the kidneys. The drug is constantly infused in a patient to maintain a plasma concentration of 2mg/L. 24 hour urine collection shows the drug being excreted at a rate of 400µg/min. What is this patient's GFR? 50ml/min 100ml/min 150ml/min 200ml/min 400ml/min. List at least 5 stains used to enhance the urinary sediment in urinalysis. Provide their action and function for each stains. You may present this in tabulated form.
- Give the 4 factors affecting the urine volume in physiological system. Explain how each factor affects the volume of urine.The laboratory received a 24-hour urine collection from a 26-year old male (body surface area = 2.34m2), and the total urine collection volume measured 800 mL in 24 hours. After creatinine determinations were performed by the alkaline picrate method, interpret the result. Plasma creatinine: 1.2 mg/dL Urine creatinine: 150 mg/dL a. The creatinine clearance of the patient is above reference range. b. The creatinine clearance of the patient is below reference range. c. The creatinine clearance of the patient is within reference range. d. The creatinine clearance of the patient is borderline high.Indicates the possible REASONS for different variations of urine clarity (clear, hazy, cloudy, turbid, milky)
- Water though Urinary System Trace the path of the water molecule as it moves from this starting point to this ending point. Starting point: The water molecule enters a kidney in the blood plasma traveling through the renal artery. Ending point: The water molecule is excreted from the body. You may write a description, create a diagram with labels, or both to trace a path. Include as many of the following components of the urinary system and terms as you can: afferent arteriolecollecting ductdistal convoluted tubuleglomerular capsuleglomerulusmajor calyxminor calyx nephron loopproximal convoluted tubulerenal pelvisureterurethra For each of the parts of the urinary system in your path, describe a unique anatomical characteristic (size, tissue composition, etc.) or function.A 2-year-old child, admitted to hospital following diarrhoea and vomiting, had the fol- lowing results on analysis of plasma, 24 hours after admission (reference ranges are given in brackets): Sodium (135-145) Potassium (3.5-5.0) Urea (3.5-6.6) Creatinine (70-150) Osmolality (285-305) The urine sodium concentration was 55 mmol/L and its osmolality was 314 mOsm/kg. Comment on these results. 151 mmol/L 3.7 mmol/L 4.9 mmol/L 65 μmol/L 314 mOsm/kgIn reviewing the patient’s current information, a concern exists that acute kidney injury has developed. Select to highlight the laboratory information that would support this concern.UrinalysisCasts - +++Cola-color to urineProteinuriaBlood ValuesRBC - 3.9 cells/L (4.0-4.9 cells/L)Hgb 10 g/dL (12-16 g/dL)Hct-40% (37%-48%)WBC 11.0 cells/L (4.0-10.0 cells/L)Platelets - 140 cells/L (150-450 cells/L)Sodium - 140 mEq/L (135-145 mEq/L)Potassium - 4.5 mEq/L (3.5-5.2 mEq/L)BUN - 32 mg/dL (5-20 mg/dL)Creatinine 1.8 mg/dL (0.5-1.5 mg/dL)Blood Glucose - 180 mg/dL (nonfasting) (<200 mg/dL)AST-40 Units/mL (5-40 Units/mL)ALT - 30 Units/mL (5-35 Units/mL)Bilirubin (total)- 0.8 mg/dL (<1.0 mg/dL)Albumin - 4.0 (3.5-5.5 g/dL)PT-22 (11.5-14 seconds)
