ssume a set of well-behaved (i.e. strictly monotone and strictly convex) intertemporal indifference curves between period 1 and 2. Then suppose that the nominal interest rate r decreases. Explain what happens to the new interior solution if current and future consumption are normal and inferior goods, respectively
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Assume a set of well-behaved (i.e. strictly monotone and strictly convex) intertemporal indifference
between period 1 and 2. Then suppose that the nominal interest rate r decreases. Explain what happens to the
new interior solution if current and future consumption are normal and inferior goods, respectively.
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- In Irving Fisher’s two period model, if the consumer is initially a saver and the interestrate and the first period consumption increases, then we can conclude that the incomeeffect:a) Was greater than the substitution effectb) Was less than substitution effectc) Exact offset the substitution effectd) And the substitution effect both increased consumption1) In the IS equation why wasnt G in the calculations. 2)Suppose that with all exogenous variables, including T and M at their original values, households become less confident about the future and reduce their autonomous level of consumption from 200 to 150. Solve for the new values of e, Y and NX. With the help of graphs, explain very carefully the mechanisms by which a new equilibrium is reached. 3)Suppose that with all exogenous variables at their original values, the autonomous part of money demand increases to 70. Solve for the new values of e, Y and NX. With the help of graphs, explain very carefully the mechanisms by which a new equilibrium is reached.Consider a two-period consumption saving model and let f1 and f2 denote the first and secondperiod consumption, respectively. Assume that the interest rate at which the consumer may lend or borrowis 10%. Suppose that a consumer’s utility function is x (f1> f2) = f1 + 20√f2= The consumer first periodincome is L1 = $100 and the present value of her income stream is $330=(a) What is the optimal consumption stream (consumption bundle) of this consumer?(b) Is this consumer borrower or lender? How much does she borrow or lend?(c) What is the effect of a reduction of the interest rate to 5% on the consumer’s optimal first-periodsaving? (Make sure to take into account the effect of the decline in the interest rate on the present value ofthe consumer’s income stream.)
- Consider the problem of an individual that has Y dollars to spend on consuming over wo periods. Let c1 denote the amount of consumption that the individual would like co purchase in period 1 and c2 denote the amount of consumption that the individual would like to consume in period 2. The individual begins period 1 with Y dollars and can purchase ci units of the consumption good at a price P and can save any unspent wealth. Use s1 to denote the amount of savings the individual chooses to hold at the end of period 1. Any wealth that is saved earns interest at rate r so that the amount of wealth the ndividual has at his/her disposal to purchase consumption goods in period 2 is (1+r)s1. This principal and interest on savings is used to finance period 2 consumption. Again, for simplicity, we can assume that it costs P2 dollars to buy a unit of the consumption good in period 2.“Permanent Income of consumption is just the average of all current and future incomes. Thus, one does not need to do the maximisation of intertemporal utility”. True or False. Discuss according to the model. Note that you need to discuss according to the model?QUESTION 1An individual lives for two periods and decides how much to consume in each period.- In the first period his consumption equals C1 and his income Y1 = 200- In the second period his consumption equals C2 and his income Y2 = 100He can save or borrow money in the first period to finance his consumption in the second period.The interest rate he gets in case he saves or has to pay in case he borrows money equals 7%.Determine the budget constraint of this individual. C2 = −0.935·C1 +314C2 =−1.07·C1 +314C2 =−0.8·C1 +314C2 =−1.08·C1 +314 QUESTION 2The total production of a good y is determined by the production function y = 3L2/3K1/3, where L is labour input and K capital input.The reward (factor prices) for labour and capital are, l = 27 en r = 2, respectively.The producer needs to produce 9000 units of good y.How much units of labour will he hire if he wants to miminize his total costs? 1587,4839,953000515,23 QUESTION 3A good is traded on a perfectly competitive…
- Consider the intertemporal consumption problem of Mr Cronus between two periods, say this yearand next year. His utility function takes the form U (c1; c2) = pc1 +0:97pc2, where c1 and c2 arehis consumption this and next year respectively. It can be shown (and you do not have to) thatthis utility function satis es diminishing marginal rate of substitution.His yearly income is stable at 100 unit (let say a unit is ten-thousand). He faces di¤erent interestrates between borrowing and saving. Speci cally, the saving interest rate is 0:02, whereas theborrowing interest rate is 0:04.(a) Describe the budget set facing Mr Cronus.(b) Is Mr Cronus a borrower? Explain your answer.(c) Is Mr Cronus a saver? Explain your answer.hich theory of consumption best explains the consumption behavior of consumers of our economy? Question No: 02 [Marks: 10] If the State Bank started printing large quantities of Pakistani Rupees (Rs), what would happen to the number of Pakistani Rupees a dollar could buy? Why? Question No: 03 [Marks: 10] Deseribe the difference batuuean foreian diract investmet and foraion nortfolie invastment Who is mora likelu to3. A consumer maximises the following two-period utility function 1 V = max 1 ule,) + Fu(c) (1+p)? subject to the following 2-period budget constraint, C2 Ao + 1+r" (1+r)² Y2 1+r*(1+r)²' By choosing consumption at each period, c, and c2. r denotes the real interest rate, p is the time preference rate, Ao is initial wealth and y, and y2 represents incomes in period 1 and period 2 respectively. (a) Use the Lagrangian method to obtain the first order conditions for the utility maximisation problem and obtain the Euler equation. (b) Assume utility function has the form of u(c,) = 5 0.2 and r = 0.3. Obtain the equations/solutions for maximal c, and c2 by substituting the Euler equation back into the two-period budget constraint for the situations of either A, = -50 or Ao = 50. Explain the results. , Y1 = 200, y2 = 300, p = 0.6
- Let us represent consumption in the next period on the vertical axis and consumption this period on the horizontal axis. For an impatient consumer making her decision to consume over two periods - now and the future - the slope of her indifference curve is going to be Select one: O a. unaffected by her impatience. O b. relatively steep. O c. relatively flat. o d. similar to a lender's indifference curve slope.Consider the two-period model. The consumerís preferences over current and future consumption (c and c 0 ) are: REFER TO IMAGE FOR NEXT STEP (a) Find lifetime wealth, we. (b) Set up the Lagrangian and FINDd the optimal levels of current consumption (c), future consumption (c') and saving (y-t-c) c) Confirm that the allocation you found in part (b) is in fact optimal, by completing the following table. refer to second imageExplain the relationship that economic variables can have with businesscycles. These have both direction and timing. Give an example economicvariable of each combination of direction timing. Of these two attributes, ifyou had exclusive access to a reliable variable, which relationships wouldyou want this variable to have for forecasting purposes