Show how the concept of focal points can lead us towards unique outcomes in games where multiple Nash equilibria exist. Please you numerous examples.
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Show how the concept of focal points can lead us towards unique outcomes in games where multiple Nash equilibria exist.
Please you numerous examples.
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- Question 2 The game of Chicken is played by two teens who speed toward each other on a single lane road. The first to veer off is branded the chicken, whereas the one who doesn’t veer gains peer- group esteem. Of course, if neither veers, both die in the resulting crash. Payoffs to the Chicken game are provided in the following table. TEEN 2 TEEN 1 Veer Don't Veer Veer Don't Veer 2,2 3,1 1,3 0,0 a) Draw the extensive form. b) Find the pure-strategy Nash equilibrium or equilibria. c) Compute the mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium. As part of your answer draw the best- response function diagram for the mixed strategies. d) Suppose the game is played sequentially with teen A moving first and committing to this action by throwing away the steering wheel. What are teen B's contingent strategies? Write down the normal and extensive forms for the sequential version of the game. e) Using the normal form for the sequential version of the game, solve for the Nash equilibria. f) Identify the proper…"Show how the concept of focal points can lead us towards unique outcomes in games where multiple Nash equilibria exist" Guidance: you should use (numerous) examples to frame your discussion, and each example should focus upon a different aspect of why focal points existi. ii. QUESTION ONE A. A Nash equilibrium is a strategy profile such that every player's strategy is the best response to all the other players. It requires that each player makes a best response and that expectations regarding the play of other players are correct. Below is the table showing strategies and payoff for Player 1 and Player 2. PLAYER 1 R1 R2 R3 R4 C1 0,7 5,2 7,0 6,6 C2 2,5 3,3 2,5 2,2 PLAYER 2 C3 7,0 5,2 0,7 4,4 CA 6,6 2,2 4,4 10,4 REQUIRED; Transform the normal form game above into an imperfect extensive game form Find the Nash equilibrium for the game above using iterative deletion of strictly dominated strategies. Find the Nash equilibrium using brute force or cell by cell inspection.
- 13. Which of the following games have many Nash equilibria in pure strategies? (A) centipede games; (B) coordination games;( C) prisoner’s dilemma; (D) none of the above. 14. Empirical data suggests that subjects do better than predicted by game theory at (A) signalling and coordination; (B) backward induction; (C) mixing their strategies; (D) none of the above. can you help me answer number 14 please?4. Consider the following game. There are four distinct glasses of wine on a table: three are red wine, and one is white. Two players must pick a glass of wine at the same time. If they choose the exact same glass of wine, then they each earn $1,000. Otherwise, they earn nothing. Draw the payoff matrix. What is this game's Nash equilibrium (or equilibria)? What is this game's focal point? Explain. (20%) 5. Rational ignorance poses a serious problem for democracy, but can be partially resolved by implementing Skin in the Game policies. For example, consider the following law: politicians who vote for war must enlist in the military, or have a family member enlist. How does this law (a) fall under Skin in the Game; and (b) Resolve the problem of Rational Ignorance when it comes to foreign policy? (20%)Suppose now we alter the game so that whenever Colin chooses "paper" the loser pays the winner 3 instead of 1: rock paper scissors rock 0. -3 1 1. раper scissors -1 -1 3 (a) Show that xT= (,) and yT= (5) together are not a Nash equilibrium 3'31 for this modified 3'3 game. (b) Formulate a linear program that can be used to calculate a mixed strategy x € A(R) that maximises Rosemary's security level for this modified game. (c) Solve your linear program using the 2-phase simplex algorithm. You should use the format given in lectures. Give a mixed strategy x E A(R) that has an optimal security level for Rosemary and a mixed strategy y E A(C) that has an optimal security level for Colin.
- 3. For the friend-foe game, recall that there were 3 Nash equilibria possible, but the equilibria set didn't include the cooperative outcome, for which both players would win. Friend Foe Friend | 500,500 0,1000 Foe 1000,0 0,0 a) If the game is played repeatedly, propose a play strategy that will enforce cooperation. For what values of ô (discount factor) the equilibrium will be (Friend, Friend)?4. Correlated EquilibriaConstruct an example (not one from class or the reading) of a Normal form game with a correlated equilibrium that is not a Nash equilibrium.5. Consider the following Extended Form game where P1 stands for Player one and P2 stands for player two with A, B and A', B' being their respective strategies. A' (1,1) P2 B' (2,3) P1 A' B (4,5) P2 What is the set of Nash Equilibria? Clearly explain your answer. Full-screen Snip B' (6,7)
- Quick Lesson in Game Theory A Nash Equilibrium is an outcome in which neither player is better off by changing their strategy. 2.7 Is a Dominant Strategy equilibrium also a Nash equilibrium? a) Yes b) No The Ice Cream Guys $3.99 $4.99 Chucky's Chunky CCT: $20,000 $3.99 ICG: $20,000 CCT: $60,000 ICG: $10,000 CCT: $10,000 $4.99 ICG: $60,000 CCT: $40,000 ICG: $40,000 Treats The table above is the payoff matrix for the annual profit of the only two ice-cream-truck firms operating in Beach City. They are deciding the price of an ice cream cone. 2.8 What is Chucky's dominant strategy? a) $3.99 b) $4.99 c) Not enough information 2.9 What is the dominant strategy equilibrium in this situation? a) Both charge $3.99 b) Both charge $4.99 c) CCT charges $3.99 and ICG charges $4.99 d) CCT charges $4.99 and ICG charges $3.99 2.10 Suppose these two firms engaged in collusion (which, of course, totally doesn't happen because it is against the law). Which outcome would they agree upon, if any? a) Both…1. Consider the following N-player game. Each agent has a choice of strategy A or B. The state variable is x, the proportion of agents choosing strategy A. For every agent, the utility of choosing strategy A is U(A) = 10 +2x and the utility of choosing strategy B is U(B) = 10+3x. What is the Nash equilibrium to this game? Explain.Consider the following game. Which one of the following statements is FALSE? 1. There are 7 subgames in this extensive-form game. 2. There are 6 proper subgames in this extensive-form game. 3. (BK, CE) is a Subgame Perfect Nash Equilibrium. 4. (BK, DE) is a Subgame Perfect Nash Equilibrium
