shell scripting
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shell scripting
![Assume that you were a system admin. Your team was assigned with gathering information of disk
space in use. In particular, you are charged with writing a shell script called quota. sh to determine how
much a particular directory has consumed its disk quota. To make this information easy to understand,
we classify a directory as follows:
• Small if the directory uses less than 128 kB disk space
• Medium if the directory uses less than 1 MB disk space
• Large if the directory uses equal to or more than 1 MB disk
space
Expected output Given a directory, the script should output the classification of the directory's size as
Low, Medium, or High. For those directory that is classified as Low, append the path to the directory you
tested to ~/ListOfSmallDirs.txt.
> ./quota.sh /usr/bin
High
[and then append /usr/bin to ~/ListOfBigDirs.txt]
> ./quota.sh /tmp
Low](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F28e2e603-ecab-45a4-8f55-ede3fe263a81%2F2032064f-b1ad-4da1-baf8-abe11df08864%2Fvrc7ao_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Suppose that you have a very simple file system (VSFS) using i-node to manage disk data blocks, where the disk block size is 4096 bytes. Disk addresses and file block pointers take 32 bits (4 bytes), and the i-node contains 10 direct pointers, one single-indirect pointer and one double-indirect pointer. Assume an index block is the same size as a data block (both 4096 Bytes). If there is a file having 45,000 bytes of data and it has never been accessed, we only assume the file's i-node is in memory, but none of the rest of the file. If the user process wants to read the entire file into the memory, how many disk blocks (including both data blocks and index block(s)) would be brought into the main memory? O a. 11 O b. 10 O C. 12 O d. 1035 e. 1034UNIX treats file directories in the same fashion as files; that is, both are defined by the same type of data structure, called an inode. As with files, directories include a nine-bit protection strong. If care is not taken, this can create access control problems. For example, consider a file with protection mode 644(octal) contained in a directory with protection mode 730. How might the file be compromised in this case? What can we do to stop this vulnerability without changing the protection mode 730 for the directory?Consider a file system that uses inodes to represent files. Disk blocks are 8 KB in size, and a pointer to a disk block requires 8 bytes. This file system has 12 direct disk blocks, as well as 1 single and 1 double indirect disk blocks. What is the maximum size of a file that can be stored in this file system in GBs (round to the nearest integer)?
- Suppose that there is a file system with blocks of 512 bytes in size. For each inode, there are 20 direct blocks, 2 singly-indirect blocks, and 2 doubly-indirect blocks. The size of a pointer is 4 bytes. Calculate the maximum possible size of a file in bytes. Show your work.A system uses indexed allocation of disk space to files. The following table represents the directory of this disk: file index block comp346_final 31 cole_questions 32 my_notes 33 operating_system 34 The disk has 64 blocks and each block has a size of 8 MBytes. The content of few blocks is shown below: block#31 block#32 block#33 block#34 1 10 26 36 4 12 29 43 7 14 30 21 9 40 23 -1 5 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 Find: a) The allocated space to file cole_questions (in MBytes): b) The total allocated space (in MBytes): c) The total available (free) space (in MBytes): d) The maximum file size supported by this disk (in MBytes):A disk has a capacity of two tera-byte size. Say the file system uses a multi-level inode structure for locating the data blocks of afile.The inode stores pointers to data blocks, including a single indirect block, a double indirect block, and several direct blocks in the 64 B of available space.Now, it is given that the disk has a block size of 512 B. The maximum file size that can be stored in such a file system in MB (round off upto 2 decimal places).
- A company has a calculation strategy where the number of file systems needed indicates a disk with 1000 blocks. There are in total five files. Assume the end block, index block wherever required. Also, considering that the file control block contains the information in the order of Using contiguous, linked and indexed allocation methods compute the allocated files.In a system with fixed partitions, there are 4 partitions available to jobs. Their sizes are 16, 32, 48, and 64 KB. Four jobs executed by the system at the moment have the following sizes: 12, 22, 42, and 55 KB. The amount of internal fragmentation expressed in KB is: نه نه نه نن فم a. b. C. d. e. f. g. h. 0 12 17 25 29 34 41 564. Compare Windows' File Systems with Unix's File Systems etc.: You have at least some little exposure to Unix/Linux OS in addition to Windows (a) Linux has path like this: /usr/lin, while Windows has path like C:\\Users\hlin (both are for Lin's home directory on different OS). Elaborate on this (i.e. explain by 1 to 2 paragraphs): Linux has folders, subfolders separated by forward slashes /', while Windows has folders, subfolders separated by backward slashes “\\”. Do you know any other things that make the file systems of Linux and Windows different? (b) In Windows, executables are known by the file extension .exe. Is that the same for Linux? Explain this or explain if any other file types agree or disagree on Windows and Linux (for example, Word files in Windows end in .docx, or .doc. Is that the same on Linux? C++ files on Windows end in .cpp. Is that true on Linux?). You need to explain just one or two examples you know since there are almost infinitely many possible file types.
- Write a C program for a linux partition. 1. Start from the first data block of each block group 2. Read the block into a buffer 3. Compare the relavant bytes in the buffer to the png signature then print out this data block number (png header in hex: 89 50 4E 47 0D 0A 1A 0A) 4. Scan each data block until the end of the partitionTo improve performance when reading files, "block read ahead" can be performed. What is this? A. The operating system determines, when reading block K, if the file is being read sequentially. If it is, the file system will retrieve block K, and initiate the request for block K+1 in the file. B. The operating system determines, when writing block K, if the file is being written sequentially. If it is, the file system will retrieve block K, and initiate the request for block K+1 in the file. C. The operating system determines when reading block K if that block was accessed via a seek. If it is, the file system will retrieve block K, and initiate the request for the next block in the file that is needed by the process. D. All of the aboveSuppose we have a Unix file system with block size of 8 Kbyte and pointers with size of 4 bytes. How large a file can be represented using only single indirect pointer in inode? A. 8 Kbyte B. 2K * 8 Kbyte C. 2K * 2K * 8 Kbyte D. 2K * 2K * 2K * 8 Kbyte