s, consisting of a run of data blocks, then a hole, then anothe so on. If empirical measurements show that the probability hole lengths are the same, with the chance of either being i s xpected number of holes on the disk?
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- Disk I/O: Consider a magnetic disk with N cylinders rotating at a speed of R revolutions per minute. The sector size on the disk is constant. Requests for sectors arriving from the file system can be located anywhere on the disk with equal probability and the locations of the requested sectors are independent of each other. Under these assumptions, on average, over how many disk cylinders will the head have to seek to get from one requested sector to the next? • On average, once the head is positioned over the right cylinder, how long will it take before the head is positioned at the beginning of the right sector? • Say the disk (one platter) has 1000 cylinders and a sector size of 1024 bytes. The transfer time per sector is 0.1 milliseconds (i.e., the raw data rate is 10 Megabytes per second). The rotation speed is 7200 revolutions per minute. The time to seek over X cylinders is given by the formula 5 + X/100 milliseconds. Under the same assumptions above, what will the maximum…For Heap File with a page directory, assume that a page can contain up to 100 directory entries and a page can contain 1000 records, for a file of 1,000,000 records, what is the number of pages to store these records, assuming that on average data pages are filled up 70%? With this data page utilization, what is the number of pages to store the directory, assuming that each directory page is full? Assuming both the directory and the file are stored on disk, what is the I/O cost to insert one record in worst case, and in the average case?An old encryption system uses 24-bit keys. A cryptanalyst, who wants to brute-force attack the encryption system, is working on a computer system with a performance rate N keys per second. How many possible keys will be available in the above encryption system? What will be the maximum number of keys per second (N), that the computer system is working with, if the amount of time needed to brute-force all the possible keys was 8192 milli seconds?
- Using a pseudo random number generation function (e.g., rand() in C or otherequivalent functions in other languages) that generates uniformly distributed randomnumbers, generate a workload for a system that is composed of 1000 processes. Youcan assume that processes arrive with an expected average arrival rate of 2 processesper second that follows a Poisson Distribution and the service time (i.e., requestedduration on the CPU) for each process follows an Exponential Distribution with anexpected average service time of 1 second. Your outcome would be printing out a listof tuples in the format of <process ID, arrival time, requested service time>.You can assume that process IDs are assigned incrementally when processes arriveand that they start at 1.Based on your actual experiment outcome, also answer the following question: whatare the actual average arrival rate and actual average service time that were generated?A software test program produces several reports about the errors and warnings found in the software code. A software analyst needs to calculate the probability that an overflow error occurs given that a memory-size warning exists in the report P(Over flow Error| memory-size Warning). The following Bayesian network shows the dependencies between three warnings (w1, w2, w3) and the overflow error (e), which are all represented as Boolean random variables.An old encryption system uses 20-bit keys. A cryptanalyst, who wants to brute-force attack theencryption system, is working on a computer system with a performance rate N keys per second. How many possible keys will be available in the above encryption system? What will be the maximum number of keys per second (N) that the computer system isworking with, if the amount of time needed to brute-force all the possible keys was 512 milliseconds? Show you detailed calculations.
- Consider a database buffer manager that uses 1GB of main memory andkeeps data on a hard drive which reads 100MB per second and takes 10 milliseconds per disk seek. (a) Assume that (1) the size of each disk block is 10KB and (2) for each block keptin the buffer, the probability that the buffer manager can handle the next data request usingthat block (i.e., the probability that the block contains the requested data) is 5 · 10-6. Inthis case, calculate the expected data access time (i.e., how much time the buffer manageron average would spend to provide a requested disk block). For this calculation, assume that(1) the buffer manager runs the algorithm explained in Section 13.5.1 of the textbook, (2) thebuffer is already full (i.e., the entirety of the 1GB buffer space is already used to hold 105 diskblocks), and (3) no disk blocks are updated (i.e., no need to write dirty blocks back to thehard drive). Also, ignore the time spent for reading/writing data in the main memory.(b) Assume…Assume that we have two functions: f(n) and g(n). On a benchmark where n = 10,000, the execution time of f(n) was 15 seconds and the execution time of g(n) was 2.3 seconds. What can we conclude about these two functions?An old encryption system uses 20-bit keys. A cryptanalyst, who wants to brute-force attack the encryption system, is working on a computer system with a performance rate N keys per second. a- How many possible keys will be available in the above encryption system? b- What will be the maximum number of keys per second (N) that the computer system is working with, if the amount of time needed to brute-force all the possible keys was 512 milli seconds? Show you detailed calculations.
- Suppose that unfolded boxes are stacked, on top of one another, on a storage rack of height 2m. If each box has thickness 25mm, calculate the number of boxes that can be stored in this way.Using the function below, answer the following questions using matlab function f = SquareWave(t,A,T) %% Initialise loop variables n = 1; % Index for current half-period cycle f = zeros(size(t)); %% Loop through all values of t vector for i = 1:length(t) % Update cycle index and swap sign of A every half-period T/2 if t(i) > t(n)+T/2 n = i; A = -1*A; end % Squarewave function evaluation. f(i) = A; end Question 1 Using the function from above, plot a square wave having amplitude ?=1, period ?=2?, over the domain −?≤?≤?. The vector, ?, must be resolved to 0.1 units. Use a black dotted line of width 2 when creating your plot. Question 2 Write a function file that takes a domain vector t, a scalar amplitude A, a scalar period T and a scalar representing the number of Fourier series terms n as inputs, and outputs a vector F that evaluates the Fourier series solution. function F = FourierSqWave(t,A,T,n)Show that we can solve the telescope scheduling problem in O(n) time even if the list of n observation requests is not given to us in sorted order, provided that start and finish times are given as integer indices in the range from 1 to n2.