Question 3 To Vacuum Pump -Substrate Deposition of thin film Vaporized material Vaporized material Target material Evaporator Heater Target material Substrate Magnet To Vacuum Pump Electron beam Electron gun (a) Identify the two Physical Vapor Deposition Techniques in relation to the figure. (b) Why is a vacuum pump needed to achieve the deposition of the thin film?
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- Calculate the 143Nd/144Nd ratio of a basalt after it has interacted with seawater, given the following information: Basalt, before alteration, Nd 143Nd/144Nd= 0.51320; seawater, ppm; 10 ppm, Nd = 2.6 * 10 ^ - 6 143Nd/144Nd = 0.51205; water/rock 104.Sodium hydride (NaH) crystallizes in the rock-salt structure, with four formula units of NaH per cubic unit cell. A beam of monoenergetic neutrons, selected to have a velocity of 2.639 × 103 ms-1 , is scattered in second order through an angle of 2u= 36.26° by the parallel faces ofthe unit cells of a sodium hydride crystal.(a) Calculate the wavelength of the neutrons.(b) Calculate the edge length of the cubic unit cell.(c) Calculate the distance from the center of an Na+ ion to the center of a neighboring H- ion.(d) If the radius of an Na+ ion is 0.98 Å, what is the radius of an H- ion, assuming the two ions are in contact?The dif- 3. (a) Compare interstitial and vacancy atomic mechanisms for diffusion. fusion coefficients (D) for Fe in Ni are considered to be 9.4 x 10-16 m²/s and 2.4 × 10- 14 m²/s, at 1273 K and 1473 K, respectively. (b) Determine the values of Do and the acti- vation energy Qd. (c) What is the magnitude of D at 1100°C (1373 K)? (R 8.31 J/mol K, Do: temperature independent preexponential (m²/s), Qa: activation energy for diffusion)
- Spectrophotometers employ various sources of light. Which of the following is NOT true for spectrophotometer light sources? O Dueterium arc lamps use controlled electric discharges to cause D; to dissociate and emit visible radiation. OA silicon carbide globar emits infrared radiation when heated to near 1500 K O Lasers emit radiation of a single wavelength. O Tungsten lamps emit radiation over the visible spectrum and parts of the ultraviolet and infrared spectrums. O Light emitting diodes emit narrow bands of visible and near-infrared radiation.Scence Midterm Summ X Material%20Science_Midterm%2 x ewer?url=https://ttu-storage.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/account 1/attachments/390676/Ma ence Midte 02021.pdf Open with Google Docs 5. Iron has a BCC crystal structure, an atomic radius of 0.124 nm, and an atomic weight of 55.85 g/mol. Compute its theoretical density: 6. Below is a unit cell for a hypothetical metal. (a) To which crystal system does this unit cell belong? 40nm 030 nm 0.30 nm (b) What would this crystal structure be called? 1 1 2 7. Sketch a tetragonal unit cell. and witnin that Page Hocations of the point: DELLestion Four Explain why the average density of metals is higher than that of ceramics or polymers i.e pmetals > (a) Peramics > Ppolymers. (b) Copper crystallises as FCC (face centred cubic). Given that the atomic radius and mass of a given copper sample are 1.28 x 10:10 m and 64.15 g respectively, calculate the density of the copper sample. Take Avogadro's number, NA = 6.023 x 1023 atoms/mole. (c) The linear density, LD, of an atom is given by the equation = Natoms where Natoms is the Ldv number of atoms and Lav is the unit length of the direction vector, both taken on a particular plane. Calculate the linear density of an aluminium atom with a lattice parameter of 4.05 x 1010 m and in a [110] direction. (d) Using neat sketches, show the difference between a triclinic and hexagonal crystal systems.
- The thermal and mechanical processing of materials isan important step in ensuring that they have the appropriatephysical properties for their intended application. Suppose ametallic element undergoes a phase transition in which itscrystal structure changes from cubic close-packed to bodycentred cubic. (a) Does it become more or less dense? (b) Bywhat factor does its density change?(b) A sample of titanium monoxide has a unit cell dimension of 4.182 A, a Ti/O ratio of 1.005 and an experimental density of 5.764 x10° kg m. Determine whether the defect in this sample is due to Ti cation excess or oxide vacancies.(a)What are intrinsic semiconductors? Give an example.(b) What is the distance between Na+and Cl– ions in NaCl crystal if its density is 2.165 g cm-3. [Atomic mass of Na = 23 u, Cl = 35.5 u, Avogadro’s Number = 6.023 X 1023}
- (b) Answer both: i. Define Refractory material and give its one application. ii. Define porosity of refractory and its effect on strength.Assuming that the density of silica gel is 2.65 g cm-3 and that the silica particle are spherical with an average radius of 5 x 10-6 cm, calculate the estimated surface area Sest. Why is there such a large difference between S and Sest?(a) The BCC iron has a density of 7882 kg/m³ and the lattice parameter of 0.287 nm when hydrogen atoms are introduced at interstitial positions. Evaluate (i) the atomic fraction of hydrogen atoms (ii) the number of unit cells on average that contain hydrogen atoms (b) The strength values of a tungsten-tantalum alloy and its related properties are shown in the table below: Grain diameter (mm) Strength (MPa) 0.071 140 0.110 134 0.203 129 0.314 126 Determine (i) the constants in the Hall-Petch equation. (ii) the grain size required to obtain strength of 300 MPa.